Surgical network determination of prioritzation of communication, interaction, or processing based on system or device needs

ABSTRACT

A surgical hub within a surgical hub network may include a controller having a processor, in which the controller may determine a priority of a communication, an interaction, or a processing of information based on a requirement of a device communicating with the hub. The device may be a smart surgical device. The requirement of the surgical device may comprise data processed by a device component of an associated system The controller may prioritize communication of the data processed by the device component of the associate system with the surgical device. A network of surgical hubs may include a plurality of surgical hubs. Each hub may have one of a plurality of controllers, in which a first of the plurality of controllers is configured to distribute an execution of a process and data used by the process among at least a subset of the plurality of surgical hubs.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to U.S.patent application Ser. No. 16/182,227, titled SURGICAL NETWORKDETERMINATION OF PRIORITIZATION OF COMMUNICATION, INTERACTION, ORPROCESSING BASED ON SYSTEM OR DEVICE NEEDS, filed on Nov. 6, 2018, nowU.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0207857, the disclosure ofwhich is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16,182,227 claims priority under 35U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/729,186,titled WIRELESS PAIRING OF A SURGICAL DEVICE WITH ANOTHER DEVICE WITHINA STERILE SURGICAL FIELD BASED ON THE USAGE AND SITUATIONAL AWARENESS OFDEVICES, filed on Sep. 10, 2018, the disclosure of which is hereinincorporated by reference in its entirety.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16,182,227 also claims priority under35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/692,747, titled SMART ACTIVATION OF AN ENERGY DEVICE BY ANOTHERDEVICE, filed on Jun. 30, 2018, to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 62/692,748, titled SMART ENERGY ARCHITECTURE, filed on Jun. 30,2018, and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/692,768, titledSMART ENERGY DEVICES, filed on Jun. 30, 2018, the disclosure of each ofwhich is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16,182,227 also claims priority under35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/659,900, titled METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION, filed on Apr. 19, 2018,the disclosure of each of which is herein incorporated by reference inits entirety.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16,182,227 also claims priority under35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/650,898filed on Mar. 30, 2018, titled CAPACITIVE COUPLED RETURN PATH PAD WITHSEPARABLE ARRAY ELEMENTS, to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser.No. 62/650,887, titled SURGICAL SYSTEMS WITH OPTIMIZED SENSINGCAPABILITIES, filed Mar. 30, 2018, to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 62/650,882, titled SMOKE EVACUATION MODULE FORINTERACTIVE SURGICAL PLATFORM, filed Mar. 30, 2018, and to U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/650,877, titled SURGICALSMOKE EVACUATION SENSING AND CONTROLS, filed Mar. 30, 2018, thedisclosure of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in itsentirety.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16,182,227 also claims priority under35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.62/640,417, titled TEMPERATURE CONTROL IN ULTRASONIC DEVICE AND CONTROLSYSTEM THEREFOR, filed Mar. 8, 2018, and to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 62/640,415, titled ESTIMATING STATE OF ULTRASONICEND EFFECTOR AND CONTROL SYSTEM THEREFOR, filed Mar. 8, 2018, thedisclosure of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in itsentirety.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16,182,227 also claims priority under35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.62/611,341, titled INTERACTIVE SURGICAL PLATFORM, filed Dec. 28, 2017,to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/611,340, titledCLOUD-BASED MEDICAL ANALYTICS, filed Dec. 28, 2017, and to U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/611,339, titled ROBOTASSISTED SURGICAL PLATFORM, filed Dec. 28, 2017, the disclosure of eachof which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to various surgical systems. Surgicalprocedures are typically performed in surgical operating theaters orrooms in a healthcare facility such as, for example, a hospital. Asterile field is typically created around the patient. The sterile fieldmay include the scrubbed team members, who are properly attired, and allfurniture and fixtures in the area. Various surgical devices and systemsare utilized in performance of a surgical procedure.

SUMMARY

An aspect of a surgical hub within a surgical hub network may include acontroller having a processor, in which the controller is configured todetermine a priority of a communication, an interaction, or a processingof information based on a requirement of a system or a device incommunication with the surgical hub.

In one aspect of the surgical hub, the controller is configured toprioritize an order of transmission of one or more communicationpackets.

In one aspect of the surgical hub, the one or more communication packetsare directed to a device outside of the surgical hub network.

In one aspect of the surgical hub, the one or more communication packetsma include data to update routines, processes, or data required toexecute a critical procedural step executed by the processor.

In one aspect of the surgical hub, the controller is configured toprioritize a communication traffic flow within the surgical hub network.

In one aspect of the surgical hub, the controller is configured toadjust the communication traffic flow to enable a critical piece of datato take priority thereby insuring the success of a critical device or ahub process or a hub operation.

In one aspect of the surgical hub, the controller is configured to delayor interrupt the communication traffic flow.

In one aspect of the surgical hub, the controller is configured tointerrupt the communication traffic flow and the interruption of thecommunication traffic flow may include a short term re-ordering ofcommunication packets.

In one aspect of the surgical hub, the controller is configured to delaythe communication traffic flow and the delay of the communicationtraffic flow may include a long term adjustment to a data collection orto a transmission rate.

In one aspect of the surgical hub, the adjustment may continue for ashort period of time.

In one aspect of the surgical hub, the adjustment continues for theduration of the procedure

In one aspect of the surgical hub, the adjustment continues until theprioritization of the communication traffic flow changes.

An aspect of a network of surgical hubs may include a first surgical hubhaving a first controller and a second surgical hub having a secondcontroller, in which the first controller is configured to control oneor more interactions between the first surgical hub and the secondsurgical hub based on one or more capabilities of the first hub and alocation of one or more modules within the network of surgical hubs.

In one aspect of the network of surgical hubs, the control of the one ormore interactions may include a control of one or more task ownerships.

In one aspect of the network of surgical hubs, the one or morecapabilities of the first hub may include one or more of a computingcapacity of the first hub, a type of the first hub, a type of dataassociated with the first hub, an interaction of the data needed toperform a specified surgical procedure by the first hub, or a computingrequirement of the first hub.

In one aspect of the network of surgical hubs, a computing capacity mayinclude one or more of an available processing power, an availableprocessor memory for data storage, an available amount of idleprocessing cycles, and an available communication bandwidth.

In one aspect of the network of surgical hubs, the location of the oneor more modules may include a location of the one or more modules mostcritical to an ongoing surgical procedure.

In one aspect of the network of surgical hubs, the first controller maybe further configured to allow the second controller to control the oneor more interactions between the first surgical hub and the secondsurgical hub based on an anticipated surgical task.

FIGURES

The various aspects described herein, both as to organization andmethods of operation, together with further objects and advantagesthereof, may best be understood by reference to the followingdescription, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings asfollows.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a computer-implemented interactive surgicalsystem, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 2 is a surgical system being used to perform a surgical procedurein an operating room, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a surgical hub paired with a visualization system, a roboticsystem, and an intelligent instrument, in accordance with at least oneaspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view of a surgical hub enclosure, and ofa combo generator module slidably receivable in a drawer of the surgicalhub enclosure, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a combo generator module with bipolar,ultrasonic, and monopolar contacts and a smoke evacuation component, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates individual power bus attachments for a plurality oflateral docking ports of a lateral modular housing configured to receivea plurality of modules, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a vertical modular housing configured to receive aplurality of modules, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 8 illustrates a surgical data network comprising a modularcommunication hub configured to connect modular devices located in oneor more operating theaters of a healthcare facility, or any room in ahealthcare facility specially equipped for surgical operations, to thecloud, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 illustrates a computer-implemented interactive surgical system,in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates a surgical hub comprising a plurality of modulescoupled to the modular control tower, in accordance with at least oneaspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 illustrates one aspect of a Universal Serial Bus (USB) networkhub device, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a cloud computing system comprising aplurality of smart surgical instruments coupled to surgical hubs thatmay connect to the cloud component of the cloud computing system, inaccordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a functional module architecture of a cloud computing system,in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates a diagram of a situationally aware surgical system,in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 is a timeline depicting situational awareness of a surgical hub,in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 is a chart indicating hub communication priorities according toprocedure step, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 17 is a diagram of a network of surgical hubs executing adistributed processing system, in accordance with at least one aspect ofthe present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. PatentApplications, filed on Nov. 6, 2018, the disclosure of each of which isherein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,224, titled SURGICAL        NETWORK, INSTRUMENT, AND CLOUD RESPONSES BASED ON VALIDATION OF        RECEIVED DATASET AND AUTHENTICATION OF ITS SOURCE AND INTEGRITY,        now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0205441;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,230, titled SURGICAL        SYSTEM FOR PRESENTING INFORMATION INTERPRETED FROM EXTERNAL        DATA, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0200980;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,233, titled SURGICAL        SYSTEMS WITH AUTONOMOUSLY ADJUSTABLE CONTROL PROGRAMS, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201123;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,239, titled ADJUSTMENT        OF DEVICE CONTROL PROGRAMS BASED ON STRATIFIED CONTEXTUAL DATA        IN ADDITION TO THE DATA, now U.S. Patent Application Publication        No. 2019/0201124;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,243, titled SURGICAL HUB        AND MODULAR DEVICE RESPONSE ADJUSTMENT BASED ON SITUATIONAL        AWARENESS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0206542;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,248, titled DETECTION        AND ESCALATION OF SECURITY RESPONSES OF SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS TO        INCREASING SEVERITY THREATS, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0206216;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,251, titled INTERACTIVE        SURGICAL SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0201125;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,260, titled AUTOMATED        DATA SCALING, ALIGNMENT, AND ORGANIZING BASED ON PREDEFINED        PARAMETERS WITHIN SURGICAL NETWORKS, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2018/0206576;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,267, titled SENSING THE        PATIENT POSITION AND CONTACT UTILIZING THE MONO-POLAR RETURN PAD        ELECTRODE TO PROVIDE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS TO THE HUB, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201128;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,249, titled POWERED        SURGICAL TOOL WITH PREDEFINED ADJUSTABLE CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR        CONTROLLING END EFFECTOR PARAMETER, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0201081;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,246, titled ADJUSTMENTS        BASED ON AIRBORNE PARTICLE PROPERTIES, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0204201;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,256, titled ADJUSTMENT        OF A SURGICAL DEVICE FUNCTION BASED ON SITUATIONAL AWARENESS,        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201127;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,242, titled REAL-TIME        ANALYSIS OF COMPREHENSIVE COST OF ALL INSTRUMENTATION USED IN        SURGERY UTILIZING DATA FLUIDITY TO TRACK INSTRUMENTS THROUGH        STOCKING AND IN-HOUSE PROCESSES, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0206556;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,255, titled USAGE AND        TECHNIQUE ANALYSIS OF SURGEON/STAFF PERFORMANCE AGAINST A        BASELINE TO OPTIMIZE DEVICE UTILIZATION AND PERFORMANCE FOR BOTH        CURRENT AND FUTURE PROCEDURES, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0201126;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,269, titled IMAGE        CAPTURING OF THE AREAS OUTSIDE THE ABDOMEN TO IMPROVE PLACEMENT        AND CONTROL OF A SURGICAL DEVICE IN USE, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201129;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,278, titled        COMMUNICATION OF DATA WHERE A SURGICAL NETWORK IS USING CONTEXT        OF THE DATA AND REQUIREMENTS OF A RECEIVING SYSTEM/USER TO        INFLUENCE INCLUSION OR LINKAGE OF DATA AND METADATA TO ESTABLISH        CONTINUITY, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0201130;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,290, titled SURGICAL        NETWORK RECOMMENDATIONS FROM REAL TIME ANALYSIS OF PROCEDURE        VARIABLES AGAINST A BASELINE HIGHLIGHTING DIFFERENCES FROM THE        OPTIMAL SOLUTION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0201102;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,232, titled CONTROL OF A        SURGICAL SYSTEM THROUGH A SURGICAL BARRIER, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201158;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,231, titled WIRELESS        PAIRING OF A SURGICAL DEVICE WITH ANOTHER DEVICE WITHIN A        STERILE SURGICAL FIELD BASED ON THE USAGE AND SITUATIONAL        AWARENESS OF DEVICES, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,758,310;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,229, titled ADJUSTMENT        OF STAPLE HEIGHT OF AT LEAST ONE ROW OF STAPLES BASED ON THE        SENSED TISSUE THICKNESS OR FORCE IN CLOSING, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0200996;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,234, titled STAPLING        DEVICE WITH BOTH COMPULSORY AND DISCRETIONARY LOCKOUTS BASED ON        SENSED PARAMETERS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0200997;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,240, titled POWERED        STAPLING DEVICE CONFIGURED TO ADJUST FORCE, ADVANCEMENT SPEED,        AND OVERALL STROKE OF CUTTING MEMBER BASED ON SENSED PARAMETER        OF FIRING OR CLAMPING, now U.S. Patent Application Publication        No. 2019/0201034;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,235, titled VARIATION OF        RADIO FREQUENCY AND ULTRASONIC POWER LEVEL IN COOPERATION WITH        VARYING CLAMP ARM PRESSURE TO ACHIEVE PREDEFINED HEAT FLUX OR        POWER APPLIED TO TISSUE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication        No. 2019/0201044; and    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/182,238, titled ULTRASONIC        ENERGY DEVICE WHICH VARIES PRESSURE APPLIED BY CLAMP ARM TO        PROVIDE THRESHOLD CONTROL PRESSURE AT A CUT PROGRESSION        LOCATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0201080.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. PatentApplications, filed on Sep. 10, 2018, the disclosure of each of which isherein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/729,183, titled A        CONTROL FOR A SURGICAL NETWORK OR SURGICAL NETWORK CONNECTED        DEVICE THAT ADJUSTS ITS FUNCTION BASED ON A SENSED SITUATION OR        USAGE;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/729,177, titled        AUTOMATED DATA SCALING, ALIGNMENT, AND ORGANIZING BASED ON        PREDEFINED PARAMETERS WITHIN A SURGICAL NETWORK BEFORE        TRANSMISSION;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/729,176, titled        INDIRECT COMMAND AND CONTROL OF A FIRST OPERATING ROOM SYSTEM        THROUGH THE USE OF A SECOND OPERATING ROOM SYSTEM WITHIN A        STERILE FIELD WHERE THE SECOND OPERATING ROOM SYSTEM HAS PRIMARY        AND SECONDARY OPERATING MODES;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/729,185, titled        POWERED STAPLING DEVICE THAT IS CAPABLE OF ADJUSTING FORCE,        ADVANCEMENT SPEED, AND OVERALL STROKE OF CUTTING MEMBER OF THE        DEVICE BASED ON SENSED PARAMETER OF FIRING OR CLAMPING;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/729,184, titled        POWERED SURGICAL TOOL WITH A PREDEFINED ADJUSTABLE CONTROL        ALGORITHM FOR CONTROLLING AT LEAST ONE END EFFECTOR PARAMETER        AND A MEANS FOR LIMITING THE ADJUSTMENT;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/729,182, titled        SENSING THE PATIENT POSITION AND CONTACT UTILIZING THE MONO        POLAR RETURN PAD ELECTRODE TO PROVIDE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS TO        THE HUB;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/729,191, titled        SURGICAL NETWORK RECOMMENDATIONS FROM REAL TIME ANALYSIS OF        PROCEDURE VARIABLES AGAINST A BASELINE HIGHLIGHTING DIFFERENCES        FROM THE OPTIMAL SOLUTION;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/729,195, titled        ULTRASONIC ENERGY DEVICE WHICH VARIES PRESSURE APPLIED BY CLAMP        ARM TO PROVIDE THRESHOLD CONTROL PRESSURE AT A CUT PROGRESSION        LOCATION; and    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/729,186, titled        WIRELESS PAIRING OF A SURGICAL DEVICE WITH ANOTHER DEVICE WITHIN        A STERILE SURGICAL FIELD BASED ON THE USAGE AND SITUATIONAL        AWARENESS OF DEVICES.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. PatentApplications, filed on Aug. 28, 2018, the disclosure of each of which isherein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/115,214, titled ESTIMATING        STATE OF ULTRASONIC END EFFECTOR AND CONTROL SYSTEM THEREFOR,        now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201073;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/115,205, titled TEMPERATURE        CONTROL OF ULTRASONIC END EFFECTOR AND CONTROL SYSTEM THEREFOR,        now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201036;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/115,233, titled RADIO        FREQUENCY ENERGY DEVICE FOR DELIVERING COMBINED ELECTRICAL        SIGNALS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0201091;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/115,208, titled CONTROLLING        AN ULTRASONIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ACCORDING TO TISSUE LOCATION,        now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201037;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/115,220, titled CONTROLLING        ACTIVATION OF AN ULTRASONIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ACCORDING TO THE        PRESENCE OF TISSUE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0201040    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/115,232, titled DETERMINING        TISSUE COMPOSITION VIA AN ULTRASONIC SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201038;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/115,239, titled DETERMINING        THE STATE OF AN ULTRASONIC ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEM ACCORDING TO        FREQUENCY SHIFT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0201042;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/115,247, titled DETERMINING        THE STATE OF AN ULTRASONIC END EFFECTOR, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0274716;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/115,211, titled SITUATIONAL        AWARENESS OF ELECTROSURGICAL SYSTEMS, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201039;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/115,226, titled MECHANISMS        FOR CONTROLLING DIFFERENT ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS OF AN        ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0201075;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/115,240, titled DETECTION OF        END EFFECTOR IMMERSION IN LIQUID, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0201043;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/115,249, titled INTERRUPTION        OF ENERGY DUE TO INADVERTENT CAPACITIVE COUPLING, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201077;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/115,256, titled INCREASING        RADIO FREQUENCY TO CREATE PAD-LESS MONOPOLAR LOOP, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201092;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/115,223, titled BIPOLAR        COMBINATION DEVICE THAT AUTOMATICALLY ADJUSTS PRESSURE BASED ON        ENERGY MODALITY, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0201074; and    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/115,238, titled ACTIVATION        OF ENERGY DEVICES, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0201041.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. PatentApplications, filed on Aug. 23, 2018, the disclosure of each of which isherein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/721,995, titled        CONTROLLING AN ULTRASONIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ACCORDING TO        TISSUE LOCATION;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/721,998, titled        SITUATIONAL AWARENESS OF ELECTROSURGICAL SYSTEMS;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/721,999, titled        INTERRUPTION OF ENERGY DUE TO INADVERTENT CAPACITIVE COUPLING;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/721,994, titled        BIPOLAR COMBINATION DEVICE THAT AUTOMATICALLY ADJUSTS PRESSURE        BASED ON ENERGY MODALITY; and    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/721,996, titled RADIO        FREQUENCY ENERGY DEVICE FOR DELIVERING COMBINED ELECTRICAL        SIGNALS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. PatentApplications, filed on Jun. 30, 2018, the disclosure of each of which isherein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/692,747, titled SMART        ACTIVATION OF AN ENERGY DEVICE BY ANOTHER DEVICE;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/692,748, titled SMART        ENERGY ARCHITECTURE; and    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/692,768, titled SMART        ENERGY DEVICES.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. PatentApplications, filed on Jun. 29, 2018, the disclosure of each of which isherein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,090, titled CAPACITIVE        COUPLED RETURN PATH PAD WITH SEPARABLE ARRAY ELEMENTS, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201090;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,057, titled CONTROLLING        A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ACCORDING TO SENSED CLOSURE PARAMETERS,        now U.S. Pat. No. 10,695,081;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,067, titled SYSTEMS FOR        ADJUSTING END EFFECTOR PARAMETERS BASED ON PERIOPERATIVE        INFORMATION, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,595,887;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,075, titled SAFETY        SYSTEMS FOR SMART POWERED SURGICAL STAPLING, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201146;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,083, titled SAFETY        SYSTEMS FOR SMART POWERED SURGICAL STAPLING, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0200984;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,094, titled SURGICAL        SYSTEMS FOR DETECTING END EFFECTOR TISSUE DISTRIBUTION        IRREGULARITIES, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0201020;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,138, titled SYSTEMS FOR        DETECTING PROXIMITY OF SURGICAL END EFFECTOR TO CANCEROUS        TISSUE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0200985;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,150, titled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENT CARTRIDGE SENSOR ASSEMBLIES, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0200986;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,160, titled VARIABLE        OUTPUT CARTRIDGE SENSOR ASSEMBLY, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0200987;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,124, titled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENT HAVING A FLEXIBLE ELECTRODE, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201079;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,132, titled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENT HAVING A FLEXIBLE CIRCUIT, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201021;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,141, titled SURGICAL        INSTRUMENT WITH A TISSUE MARKING ASSEMBLY, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201159;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,162, titled SURGICAL        SYSTEMS WITH PRIORITIZED DATA TRANSMISSION CAPABILITIES, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0200988;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,066, titled SURGICAL        EVACUATION SENSING AND MOTOR CONTROL, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201082;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,096, titled SURGICAL        EVACUATION SENSOR ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0201083;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,116, titled SURGICAL        EVACUATION FLOW PATHS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication        No. 2019/0201084;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,149, titled SURGICAL        EVACUATION SENSING AND GENERATOR CONTROL, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201085;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,180, titled SURGICAL        EVACUATION SENSING AND DISPLAY, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0201086;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,245, titled        COMMUNICATION OF SMOKE EVACUATION SYSTEM PARAMETERS TO HUB OR        CLOUD IN SMOKE EVACUATION MODULE FOR INTERACTIVE SURGICAL        PLATFORM, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,755,813;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,258, titled SMOKE        EVACUATION SYSTEM INCLUDING A SEGMENTED CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR        INTERACTIVE SURGICAL PLATFORM, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0201087;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,265, titled SURGICAL        EVACUATION SYSTEM WITH A COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT FOR COMMUNICATION        BETWEEN A FILTER AND A SMOKE EVACUATION DEVICE, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201088; and    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/024,273, titled DUAL        IN-SERIES LARGE AND SMALL DROPLET FILTERS, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201597.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. ProvisionalPatent Applications, filed on Jun. 28, 2018, the disclosure of each ofwhich is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/691,228, titled        A METHOD OF USING REINFORCED FLEX CIRCUITS WITH MULTIPLE SENSORS        WITH ELECTROSURGICAL DEVICES;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/691,227, titled        CONTROLLING A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ACCORDING TO SENSED CLOSURE        PARAMETERS;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/691,230, titled        SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING A FLEXIBLE ELECTRODE;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/691,219, titled        SURGICAL EVACUATION SENSING AND MOTOR CONTROL;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/691,257, titled        COMMUNICATION OF SMOKE EVACUATION SYSTEM PARAMETERS TO HUB OR        CLOUD IN SMOKE EVACUATION MODULE FOR INTERACTIVE SURGICAL        PLATFORM;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/691,262, titled        SURGICAL EVACUATION SYSTEM WITH A COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT FOR        COMMUNICATION BETWEEN A FILTER AND A SMOKE EVACUATION DEVICE;        and    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/691,251, titled        DUAL IN-SERIES LARGE AND SMALL DROPLET FILTERS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application, filed on Apr. 19, 2018, the disclosure of which isherein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/659,900, titled        METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. ProvisionalPatent Applications, filed on Mar. 30, 2018, the disclosure of each ofwhich is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/650,898 filed on Mar.        30, 2018, titled CAPACITIVE COUPLED RETURN PATH PAD WITH        SEPARABLE ARRAY ELEMENTS;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/650,887, titled        SURGICAL SYSTEMS WITH OPTIMIZED SENSING CAPABILITIES;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/650,882, titled        SMOKE EVACUATION MODULE FOR INTERACTIVE SURGICAL PLATFORM; and    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/650,877, titled        SURGICAL SMOKE EVACUATION SENSING AND CONTROLS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. PatentApplications, filed on Mar. 29, 2018, the disclosure of each of which isherein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,641, titled INTERACTIVE        SURGICAL SYSTEMS WITH ENCRYPTED COMMUNICATION CAPABILITIES, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0207911;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,648, titled INTERACTIVE        SURGICAL SYSTEMS WITH CONDITION HANDLING OF DEVICES AND DATA        CAPABILITIES, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0206004;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,656, titled SURGICAL HUB        COORDINATION OF CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION OF OPERATING ROOM        DEVICES, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0201141;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,666, titled SPATIAL        AWARENESS OF SURGICAL HUBS IN OPERATING ROOMS, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0206551;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,670, titled COOPERATIVE        UTILIZATION OF DATA DERIVED FROM SECONDARY SOURCES BY        INTELLIGENT SURGICAL HUBS, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0201116;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,677, titled SURGICAL HUB        CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication        No. 2019/0201143;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,632, titled DATA        STRIPPING METHOD TO INTERROGATE PATIENT RECORDS AND CREATE        ANONYMIZED RECORD, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0205566;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,640, titled        COMMUNICATION HUB AND STORAGE DEVICE FOR STORING PARAMETERS AND        STATUS OF A SURGICAL DEVICE TO BE SHARED WITH CLOUD BASED        ANALYTICS SYSTEMS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0200863;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,645, titled SELF        DESCRIBING DATA PACKETS GENERATED AT AN ISSUING INSTRUMENT, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0207773;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,649, titled DATA PAIRING        TO INTERCONNECT A DEVICE MEASURED PARAMETER WITH AN OUTCOME, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0205567;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,654, titled SURGICAL HUB        SITUATIONAL AWARENESS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication        No. 2019/0201140;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,663, titled SURGICAL        SYSTEM DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0201033;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,668, titled AGGREGATION        AND REPORTING OF SURGICAL HUB DATA, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0201115;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,671, titled SURGICAL HUB        SPATIAL AWARENESS TO DETERMINE DEVICES IN OPERATING THEATER, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201104;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,686, titled DISPLAY OF        ALIGNMENT OF STAPLE CARTRIDGE TO PRIOR LINEAR STAPLE LINE, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201105;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,700, titled STERILE        FIELD INTERACTIVE CONTROL DISPLAYS, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0205001;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,629, titled COMPUTER        IMPLEMENTED INTERACTIVE SURGICAL SYSTEMS, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201112;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,704, titled USE OF LASER        LIGHT AND RED-GREEN-BLUE COLORATION TO DETERMINE PROPERTIES OF        BACK SCATTERED LIGHT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication        No. 2019/0206050;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,722, titled        CHARACTERIZATION OF TISSUE IRREGULARITIES THROUGH THE USE OF        MONO-CHROMATIC LIGHT REFRACTIVITY, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0200905;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,742, titled DUAL CMOS        ARRAY IMAGING, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0200906;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,636, titled ADAPTIVE        CONTROL PROGRAM UPDATES FOR SURGICAL DEVICES, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0206003;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,653, titled ADAPTIVE        CONTROL PROGRAM UPDATES FOR SURGICAL HUBS, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201114;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,660, titled CLOUD-BASED        MEDICAL ANALYTICS FOR CUSTOMIZATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO A        USER, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0206555;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,679, titled CLOUD-BASED        MEDICAL ANALYTICS FOR LINKING OF LOCAL USAGE TRENDS WITH THE        RESOURCE ACQUISITION BEHAVIORS OF LARGER DATA SET, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201144;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,694, titled CLOUD-BASED        MEDICAL ANALYTICS FOR MEDICAL FACILITY SEGMENTED        INDIVIDUALIZATION OF INSTRUMENT FUNCTION, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201119;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,634, titled CLOUD-BASED        MEDICAL ANALYTICS FOR SECURITY AND AUTHENTICATION TRENDS AND        REACTIVE MEASURES, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0201138;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,706, titled DATA        HANDLING AND PRIORITIZATION IN A CLOUD ANALYTICS NETWORK, now        U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0206561;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,675, titled CLOUD        INTERFACE FOR COUPLED SURGICAL DEVICES, now U.S. Pat. No.        10,849,697;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,627, titled DRIVE        ARRANGEMENTS FOR ROBOT-ASSISTED SURGICAL PLATFORMS, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201111;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,637, titled        COMMUNICATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR ROBOT-ASSISTED SURGICAL        PLATFORMS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No.        2019/0201139;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,642, titled CONTROLS FOR        ROBOT-ASSISTED SURGICAL PLATFORMS, now U.S. Patent Application        Publication No. 2019/0201113;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,676, titled AUTOMATIC        TOOL ADJUSTMENTS FOR ROBOT-ASSISTED SURGICAL PLATFORMS, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201142;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,680, titled CONTROLLERS        FOR ROBOT-ASSISTED SURGICAL PLATFORMS, now U.S. Patent        Application Publication No. 2019/0201135;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,683, titled COOPERATIVE        SURGICAL ACTIONS FOR ROBOT-ASSISTED SURGICAL PLATFORMS, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201145;    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,690, titled DISPLAY        ARRANGEMENTS FOR ROBOT-ASSISTED SURGICAL PLATFORMS, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201118; and    -   U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/940,711, titled SENSING        ARRANGEMENTS FOR ROBOT-ASSISTED SURGICAL PLATFORMS, now U.S.        Patent Application Publication No. 2019/0201120.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. ProvisionalPatent Applications, filed on Mar. 28, 2018, the disclosure of each ofwhich is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/649,302, titled        INTERACTIVE SURGICAL SYSTEMS WITH ENCRYPTED COMMUNICATION        CAPABILITIES;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/649,294, titled        DATA STRIPPING METHOD TO INTERROGATE PATIENT RECORDS AND CREATE        ANONYMIZED RECORD;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/649,300, titled        SURGICAL HUB SITUATIONAL AWARENESS;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/649,309, titled        SURGICAL HUB SPATIAL AWARENESS TO DETERMINE DEVICES IN OPERATING        THEATER;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/649,310, titled        COMPUTER IMPLEMENTED INTERACTIVE SURGICAL SYSTEMS;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/649,291, titled        USE OF LASER LIGHT AND RED-GREEN-BLUE COLORATION TO DETERMINE        PROPERTIES OF BACK SCATTERED LIGHT;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/649,296, titled        ADAPTIVE CONTROL PROGRAM UPDATES FOR SURGICAL DEVICES;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/649,333, titled        CLOUD-BASED MEDICAL ANALYTICS FOR CUSTOMIZATION AND        RECOMMENDATIONS TO A USER;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/649,327, titled        CLOUD-BASED MEDICAL ANALYTICS FOR SECURITY AND AUTHENTICATION        TRENDS AND REACTIVE MEASURES;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/649,315, titled        DATA HANDLING AND PRIORITIZATION IN A CLOUD ANALYTICS NETWORK;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/649,313, titled        CLOUD INTERFACE FOR COUPLED SURGICAL DEVICES;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/649,320, titled        DRIVE ARRANGEMENTS FOR ROBOT-ASSISTED SURGICAL PLATFORMS;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/649,307, titled        AUTOMATIC TOOL ADJUSTMENTS FOR ROBOT-ASSISTED SURGICAL        PLATFORMS; and    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/649,323, titled        SENSING ARRANGEMENTS FOR ROBOT-ASSISTED SURGICAL PLATFORMS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. ProvisionalPatent Applications, filed on Mar. 8, 2018, the disclosure of each ofwhich is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/640,417, titled        TEMPERATURE CONTROL IN ULTRASONIC DEVICE AND CONTROL SYSTEM        THEREFOR; and    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/640,415, titled        ESTIMATING STATE OF ULTRASONIC END EFFECTOR AND CONTROL SYSTEM        THEREFOR.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. ProvisionalPatent Applications, filed on Dec. 28, 2017, the disclosure of each ofwhich is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

-   -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. U.S. Provisional        Patent Application Ser. No. 62/611,341, titled INTERACTIVE        SURGICAL PLATFORM;    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/611,340, titled        CLOUD-BASED MEDICAL ANALYTICS; and    -   U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/611,339, titled        ROBOT ASSISTED SURGICAL PLATFORM.

Before explaining various aspects of surgical devices and generators indetail, it should be noted that the illustrative examples are notlimited in application or use to the details of construction andarrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings anddescription. The illustrative examples may be implemented orincorporated in other aspects, variations and modifications, and may bepracticed or carried out in various ways. Further, unless otherwiseindicated, the terms and expressions employed herein have been chosenfor the purpose of describing the illustrative examples for theconvenience of the reader and are not for the purpose of limitationthereof. Also, it will be appreciated that one or more of thefollowing-described aspects, expressions of aspects, and/or examples,can be combined with any one or more of the other following-describedaspects, expressions of aspects and/or examples.

Surgical Hubs

Referring to FIG. 1, a computer-implemented interactive surgical system100 includes one or more surgical systems 102 and a cloud-based system(e.g., the cloud 104 that may include a remote server 113 coupled to astorage device 105). Each surgical system 102 includes at least onesurgical hub 106 in communication with the cloud 104 that may include aremote server 113. In one example, as illustrated in FIG. 1, thesurgical system 102 includes a visualization system 108, a roboticsystem 110, and a handheld intelligent surgical instrument 112, whichare configured to communicate with one another and/or the hub 106. Insome aspects, a surgical system 102 may include an M number of hubs 106,an N number of visualization systems 108, an O number of robotic systems110, and a P number of handheld intelligent surgical instruments 112,where M, N, O, and P are integers greater than or equal to one.

In various aspects, the intelligent instruments 112 as described hereinwith reference to FIGS. 1-7 may be implemented as one or more activedevices or idle devices (see 200510), advanced energy devices, a poweredendoscope grasper, powered stapler, or powered endoscopic clip applier(see 200520) or powered stapler, powered endoscopic grasper, advancedenergy device, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see 200530) asdepicted in FIG. 16. The intelligent instruments 112 (e.g., devices 1_(a)-1 _(n)) such as the one or more active devices or idle devices (see200510), advanced energy devices, a powered endoscope grasper, poweredstapler, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see 200520) or poweredstapler, powered endoscopic grasper, advanced energy device, or poweredendoscopic clip applier (see 200530) as depicted in FIG. 16, areconfigured to operate in a surgical data network 201 as described withreference to FIG. 8.

FIG. 2 depicts an example of a surgical system 102 being used to performa surgical procedure on a patient who is lying down on an operatingtable 114 in a surgical operating room 116. A robotic system 110 is usedin the surgical procedure as a part of the surgical system 102. Therobotic system 110 includes a surgeon's console 118, a patient side cart120 (surgical robot), and a surgical robotic hub 122. The patient sidecart 120 can manipulate at least one removably coupled surgical tool 117through a minimally invasive incision in the body of the patient whilethe surgeon views the surgical site through the surgeon's console 118.An image of the surgical site can be obtained by a medical imagingdevice 124, which can be manipulated by the patient side cart 120 toorient the imaging device 124. The robotic hub 122 can be used toprocess the images of the surgical site for subsequent display to thesurgeon through the surgeon's console 118.

Other types of robotic systems can be readily adapted for use with thesurgical system 102. Various examples of robotic systems and surgicaltools that are suitable for use with the present disclosure aredescribed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/611,339,titled ROBOT ASSISTED SURGICAL PLATFORM, filed Dec. 28, 2017, thedisclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Various examples of cloud-based analytics that are performed by thecloud 104, and are suitable for use with the present disclosure, aredescribed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/611,340,titled CLOUD-BASED MEDICAL ANALYTICS, filed Dec. 28, 2017, thedisclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In various aspects, the imaging device 124 includes at least one imagesensor and one or more optical components. Suitable image sensorsinclude, but are not limited to, Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) sensors andComplementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) sensors.

The optical components of the imaging device 124 may include one or moreillumination sources and/or one or more lenses. The one or moreillumination sources may be directed to illuminate portions of thesurgical field. The one or more image sensors may receive lightreflected or refracted from the surgical field, including lightreflected or refracted from tissue and/or surgical instruments.

The one or more illumination sources may be configured to radiateelectromagnetic energy in the visible spectrum as well as the invisiblespectrum. The visible spectrum, sometimes referred to as the opticalspectrum or luminous spectrum, is that portion of the electromagneticspectrum that is visible to (i.e., can be detected by) the human eye andmay be referred to as visible light or simply light. A typical human eyewill respond to wavelengths in air that are from about 380 nm to about750 nm.

The invisible spectrum (i.e., the non-luminous spectrum) is that portionof the electromagnetic spectrum that lies below and above the visiblespectrum (i.e., wavelengths below about 380 nm and above about 750 nm).The invisible spectrum is not detectable by the human eye. Wavelengthsgreater than about 750 nm are longer than the red visible spectrum, andthey become invisible infrared (IR), microwave, and radioelectromagnetic radiation. Wavelengths less than about 380 nm areshorter than the violet spectrum, and they become invisible ultraviolet,x-ray, and gamma ray electromagnetic radiation.

In various aspects, the imaging device 124 is configured for use in aminimally invasive procedure. Examples of imaging devices suitable foruse with the present disclosure include, but not limited to, anarthroscope, angioscope, bronchoscope, choledochoscope, colonoscope,cytoscope, duodenoscope, enteroscope, esophagogastro-duodenoscope(gastroscope), endoscope, laryngoscope, nasopharyngo-neproscope,sigmoidoscope, thoracoscope, and ureteroscope.

In one aspect, the imaging device employs multi-spectrum monitoring todiscriminate topography and underlying structures. A multi-spectralimage is one that captures image data within specific wavelength rangesacross the electromagnetic spectrum. The wavelengths may be separated byfilters or by the use of instruments that are sensitive to particularwavelengths, including light from frequencies beyond the visible lightrange, e.g., IR and ultraviolet. Spectral imaging can allow extractionof additional information the human eye fails to capture with itsreceptors for red, green, and blue. The use of multi-spectral imaging isdescribed in greater detail under the heading “Advanced ImagingAcquisition Module” in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.62/611,341, titled INTERACTIVE SURGICAL PLATFORM, filed Dec. 28, 2017,the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in itsentirety. Multi-spectrum monitoring can be a useful tool in relocating asurgical field after a surgical task is completed to perform one or moreof the previously described tests on the treated tissue.

It is axiomatic that strict sterilization of the operating room andsurgical equipment is required during any surgery. The strict hygieneand sterilization conditions required in a “surgical theater,” i.e., anoperating or treatment room, necessitate the highest possible sterilityof all medical devices and equipment. Part of that sterilization processis the need to sterilize anything that comes in contact with the patientor penetrates the sterile field, including the imaging device 124 andits attachments and components. It will be appreciated that the sterilefield may be considered a specified area, such as within a tray or on asterile towel, that is considered free of microorganisms, or the sterilefield may be considered an area, immediately around a patient, who hasbeen prepared for a surgical procedure. The sterile field may includethe scrubbed team members, who are properly attired, and all furnitureand fixtures in the area.

In various aspects, the visualization system 108 includes one or moreimaging sensors, one or more image-processing units, one or more storagearrays, and one or more displays that are strategically arranged withrespect to the sterile field, as illustrated in FIG. 2. In one aspect,the visualization system 108 includes an interface for HL7, PACS, andEMR. Various components of the visualization system 108 are describedunder the heading “Advanced Imaging Acquisition Module” in U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/611,341, titled INTERACTIVESURGICAL PLATFORM, filed Dec. 28, 2017, the disclosure of which isherein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, a primary display 119 is positioned in thesterile field to be visible to an operator at the operating table 114.In addition, a visualization tower 111 is positioned outside the sterilefield. The visualization tower 111 includes a first non-sterile display107 and a second non-sterile display 109, which face away from eachother. The visualization system 108, guided by the hub 106, isconfigured to utilize the displays 107, 109, and 119 to coordinateinformation flow to operators inside and outside the sterile field. Forexample, the hub 106 may cause the visualization system 108 to display asnapshot of a surgical site, as recorded by an imaging device 124, on anon-sterile display 107 or 109, while maintaining a live feed of thesurgical site on the primary display 119. The snapshot on thenon-sterile display 107 or 109 can permit a non-sterile operator toperform a diagnostic step relevant to the surgical procedure, forexample.

In one aspect, the hub 106 is also configured to route a diagnosticinput or feedback entered by a non-sterile operator at the visualizationtower 111 to the primary display 119 within the sterile field, where itcan be viewed by a sterile operator at the operating table. In oneexample, the input can be in the form of a modification to the snapshotdisplayed on the non-sterile display 107 or 109, which can be routed tothe primary display 119 by the hub 106.

Referring to FIG. 2, a surgical instrument 112 is being used in thesurgical procedure as part of the surgical system 102. The hub 106 isalso configured to coordinate information flow to a display of thesurgical instrument 112. For example, coordinate information flow isfurther described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.62/611,341, titled INTERACTIVE SURGICAL PLATFORM, filed Dec. 28, 2017,the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in itsentirety. A diagnostic input or feedback entered by a non-sterileoperator at the visualization tower 111 can be routed by the hub 106 tothe surgical instrument display 115 within the sterile field, where itcan be viewed by the operator of the surgical instrument 112. Examplesurgical instruments that are suitable for use with the surgical system102 are described under the heading “Surgical Instrument Hardware” inU.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/611,341, titledINTERACTIVE SURGICAL PLATFORM, filed Dec. 28, 2017, the disclosure ofwhich is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, for example.

Referring now to FIG. 3, a hub 106 is depicted in communication with avisualization system 108, a robotic system 110, and a handheldintelligent surgical instrument 112. The hub 106 includes a hub display135, an imaging module 138, a generator module 140 (which can include amonopolar generator 142, a bipolar generator 144, and/or an ultrasonicgenerator 143), a communication module 130, a processor module 132, anda storage array 134. In certain aspects, as illustrated in FIG. 3, thehub 106 further includes a smoke evacuation module 126, asuction/irrigation module 128, and/or an OR mapping module 133.

During a surgical procedure, energy application to tissue, for sealingand/or cutting, is generally associated with smoke evacuation, suctionof excess fluid, and/or irrigation of the tissue. Fluid, power, and/ordata lines from different sources are often entangled during thesurgical procedure. Valuable time can be lost addressing this issueduring a surgical procedure. Detangling the lines may necessitatedisconnecting the lines from their respective modules, which may requireresetting the modules. The hub modular enclosure 136 offers a unifiedenvironment for managing the power, data, and fluid lines, which reducesthe frequency of entanglement between such lines.

Aspects of the present disclosure present a surgical hub for use in asurgical procedure that involves energy application to tissue at asurgical site. The surgical hub includes a hub enclosure and a combogenerator module slidably receivable in a docking station of the hubenclosure. The docking station includes data and power contacts. Thecombo generator module includes two or more of an ultrasonic energygenerator component, a bipolar RF energy generator component, and amonopolar RF energy generator component that are housed in a singleunit. In one aspect, the combo generator module also includes a smokeevacuation component, at least one energy delivery cable for connectingthe combo generator module to a surgical instrument, at least one smokeevacuation component configured to evacuate smoke, fluid, and/orparticulates generated by the application of therapeutic energy to thetissue, and a fluid line extending from the remote surgical site to thesmoke evacuation component.

In one aspect, the fluid line is a first fluid line and a second fluidline extends from the remote surgical site to a suction and irrigationmodule slidably received in the hub enclosure. In one aspect, the hubenclosure comprises a fluid interface.

Certain surgical procedures may require the application of more than oneenergy type to the tissue. One energy type may be more beneficial forcutting the tissue, while another different energy type may be morebeneficial for sealing the tissue. For example, a bipolar generator canbe used to seal the tissue while an ultrasonic generator can be used tocut the sealed tissue. Aspects of the present disclosure present asolution where a hub modular enclosure 136 is configured to accommodatedifferent generators, and facilitate an interactive communicationtherebetween. One of the advantages of the hub modular enclosure 136 isenabling the quick removal and/or replacement of various modules.

Aspects of the present disclosure present a modular surgical enclosurefor use in a surgical procedure that involves energy application totissue. The modular surgical enclosure includes a first energy-generatormodule, configured to generate a first energy for application to thetissue, and a first docking station comprising a first docking port thatincludes first data and power contacts, wherein the firstenergy-generator module is slidably movable into an electricalengagement with the power and data contacts and wherein the firstenergy-generator module is slidably movable out of the electricalengagement with the first power and data contacts,

Further to the above, the modular surgical enclosure also includes asecond energy-generator module configured to generate a second energy,different than the first energy, for application to the tissue, and asecond docking station comprising a second docking port that includessecond data and power contacts, wherein the second energy-generatormodule is slidably movable into an electrical engagement with the powerand data contacts, and wherein the second energy-generator module isslidably movable out of the electrical engagement with the second powerand data contacts.

In addition, the modular surgical enclosure also includes acommunication bus between the first docking port and the second dockingport, configured to facilitate communication between the firstenergy-generator module and the second energy-generator module.

Referring to FIGS. 3-7, aspects of the present disclosure are presentedfor a hub modular enclosure 136 that allows the modular integration of agenerator module 140, a smoke evacuation module 126, and asuction/irrigation module 128. The hub modular enclosure 136 furtherfacilitates interactive communication between the modules 140, 126, 128.As illustrated in FIG. 5, the generator module 140 can be a generatormodule with integrated monopolar, bipolar, and ultrasonic componentssupported in a single housing unit 139 slidably insertable into the hubmodular enclosure 136. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the generator module140 can be configured to connect to a monopolar device 146, a bipolardevice 147, and an ultrasonic device 148. Alternatively, the generatormodule 140 may comprise a series of monopolar, bipolar, and/orultrasonic generator modules that interact through the hub modularenclosure 136. The hub modular enclosure 136 can be configured tofacilitate the insertion of multiple generators and interactivecommunication between the generators docked into the hub modularenclosure 136 so that the generators would act as a single generator.

In one aspect, the hub modular enclosure 136 comprises a modular powerand communication backplane 149 with external and wireless communicationheaders to enable the removable attachment of the modules 140, 126, 128and interactive communication therebetween.

In one aspect, the hub modular enclosure 136 includes docking stations,or drawers, 151, herein also referred to as drawers, which areconfigured to slidably receive the modules 140, 126, 128. FIG. 4illustrates a partial perspective view of a surgical hub enclosure 136,and a combo generator module 145 slidably receivable in a dockingstation 151 of the surgical hub enclosure 136. A docking port 152 withpower and data contacts on a rear side of the combo generator module 145is configured to engage a corresponding docking port 150 with power anddata contacts of a corresponding docking station 151 of the hub modularenclosure 136 as the combo generator module 145 is slid into positionwithin the corresponding docking station 151 of the hub module enclosure136. In one aspect, the combo generator module 145 includes a bipolar,ultrasonic, and monopolar module and a smoke evacuation moduleintegrated together into a single housing unit 139, as illustrated inFIG. 5.

In various aspects, the smoke evacuation module 126 includes a fluidline 154 that conveys captured/collected smoke and/or fluid away from asurgical site and to, for example, the smoke evacuation module 126.Vacuum suction originating from the smoke evacuation module 126 can drawthe smoke into an opening of a utility conduit at the surgical site. Theutility conduit, coupled to the fluid line, can be in the form of aflexible tube terminating at the smoke evacuation module 126. Theutility conduit and the fluid line define a fluid path extending towardthe smoke evacuation module 126 that is received in the hub enclosure136.

In various aspects, the suction/irrigation module 128 is coupled to asurgical tool comprising an aspiration fluid line and a suction fluidline. In one example, the aspiration and suction fluid lines are in theform of flexible tubes extending from the surgical site toward thesuction/irrigation module 128. One or more drive systems can beconfigured to cause irrigation and aspiration of fluids to and from thesurgical site.

In one aspect, the surgical tool includes a shaft having an end effectorat a distal end thereof and at least one energy treatment associatedwith the end effector, an aspiration tube, and an irrigation tube. Theaspiration tube can have an inlet port at a distal end thereof and theaspiration tube extends through the shaft. Similarly, an irrigation tubecan extend through the shaft and can have an inlet port in proximity tothe energy deliver implement. The energy deliver implement is configuredto deliver ultrasonic and/or RF energy to the surgical site and iscoupled to the generator module 140 by a cable extending initiallythrough the shaft.

The irrigation tube can be in fluid communication with a fluid source,and the aspiration tube can be in fluid communication with a vacuumsource. The fluid source and/or the vacuum source can be housed in thesuction/irrigation module 128. In one example, the fluid source and/orthe vacuum source can be housed in the hub enclosure 136 separately fromthe suction/irrigation module 128. In such example, a fluid interfacecan be configured to connect the suction/irrigation module 128 to thefluid source and/or the vacuum source.

In one aspect, the modules 140, 126, 128 and/or their correspondingdocking stations on the hub modular enclosure 136 may include alignmentfeatures that are configured to align the docking ports of the modulesinto engagement with their counterparts in the docking stations of thehub modular enclosure 136. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 4, thecombo generator module 145 includes side brackets 155 that areconfigured to slidably engage with corresponding brackets 156 of thecorresponding docking station 151 of the hub modular enclosure 136. Thebrackets cooperate to guide the docking port contacts of the combogenerator module 145 into an electrical engagement with the docking portcontacts of the hub modular enclosure 136.

In some aspects, the drawers 151 of the hub modular enclosure 136 arethe same, or substantially the same size, and the modules are adjustedin size to be received in the drawers 151. For example, the sidebrackets 155 and/or 156 can be larger or smaller depending on the sizeof the module. In other aspects, the drawers 151 are different in sizeand are each designed to accommodate a particular module.

Furthermore, the contacts of a particular module can be keyed forengagement with the contacts of a particular drawer to avoid inserting amodule into a drawer with mismatching contacts.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, the docking port 150 of one drawer 151 can becoupled to the docking port 150 of another drawer 151 through acommunications link 157 to facilitate an interactive communicationbetween the modules housed in the hub modular enclosure 136. The dockingports 150 of the hub modular enclosure 136 may alternatively, oradditionally, facilitate a wireless interactive communication betweenthe modules housed in the hub modular enclosure 136. Any suitablewireless communication can be employed, such as for example AirTitan-Bluetooth.

FIG. 6 illustrates individual power bus attachments for a plurality oflateral docking ports of a lateral modular housing 160 configured toreceive a plurality of modules of a surgical hub 206. The lateralmodular housing 160 is configured to laterally receive and interconnectthe modules 161. The modules 161 are slidably inserted into dockingstations 162 of lateral modular housing 160, which includes a backplanefor interconnecting the modules 161. As illustrated in FIG. 6, themodules 161 are arranged laterally in the lateral modular housing 160.Alternatively, the modules 161 may be arranged vertically in a lateralmodular housing.

FIG. 7 illustrates a vertical modular housing 164 configured to receivea plurality of modules 165 of the surgical hub 106. The modules 165 areslidably inserted into docking stations, or drawers, 167 of verticalmodular housing 164, which includes a backplane for interconnecting themodules 165. Although the drawers 167 of the vertical modular housing164 are arranged vertically, in certain instances, a vertical modularhousing 164 may include drawers that are arranged laterally.Furthermore, the modules 165 may interact with one another through thedocking ports of the vertical modular housing 164. In the example ofFIG. 7, a display 177 is provided for displaying data relevant to theoperation of the modules 165. In addition, the vertical modular housing164 includes a master module 178 housing a plurality of sub-modules thatare slidably received in the master module 178.

In various aspects, the imaging module 138 comprises an integrated videoprocessor and a modular light source and is adapted for use with variousimaging devices. In one aspect, the imaging device is comprised of amodular housing that can be assembled with a light source module and acamera module. The housing can be a disposable housing. In at least oneexample, the disposable housing is removably coupled to a reusablecontroller, a light source module, and a camera module. The light sourcemodule and/or the camera module can be selectively chosen depending onthe type of surgical procedure. In one aspect, the camera modulecomprises a CCD sensor. In another aspect, the camera module comprises aCMOS sensor. In another aspect, the camera module is configured forscanned beam imaging. Likewise, the light source module can beconfigured to deliver a white light or a different light, depending onthe surgical procedure.

During a surgical procedure, removing a surgical device from thesurgical field and replacing it with another surgical device thatincludes a different camera or a different light source can beinefficient. Temporarily losing sight of the surgical field may lead toundesirable consequences. The module imaging device of the presentdisclosure is configured to permit the replacement of a light sourcemodule or a camera module midstream during a surgical procedure, withouthaving to remove the imaging device from the surgical field.

In one aspect, the imaging device comprises a tubular housing thatincludes a plurality of channels. A first channel is configured toslidably receive the camera module, which can be configured for asnap-fit engagement with the first channel. A second channel isconfigured to slidably receive the light source module, which can beconfigured for a snap-fit engagement with the second channel. In anotherexample, the camera module and/or the light source module can be rotatedinto a final position within their respective channels. A threadedengagement can be employed in lieu of the snap-fit engagement.

In various examples, multiple imaging devices are placed at differentpositions in the surgical field to provide multiple views. The imagingmodule 138 can be configured to switch between the imaging devices toprovide an optimal view. In various aspects, the imaging module 138 canbe configured to integrate the images from the different imaging device.

Various image processors and imaging devices suitable for use with thepresent disclosure are described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,995,045, titledCOMBINED SBI AND CONVENTIONAL IMAGE PROCESSOR, which issued on Aug. 9,2011, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Inaddition, U.S. Pat. No. 7,982,776, titled SBI MOTION ARTIFACT REMOVALAPPARATUS AND METHOD, which issued on Jul. 19, 2011, which is hereinincorporated by reference in its entirety, describes various systems forremoving motion artifacts from image data. Such systems can beintegrated with the imaging module 138. Furthermore, U.S. PatentApplication Publication No. 2011/0306840, titled CONTROLLABLE MAGNETICSOURCE TO FIXTURE INTRACORPOREAL APPARATUS, which published on Dec. 15,2011, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0243597, titledSYSTEM FOR PERFORMING A MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURE, whichpublished on Aug. 28, 2014, each of which is herein incorporated byreference in its entirety.

FIG. 8 illustrates a surgical data network 201 comprising a modularcommunication hub 203 configured to connect modular devices located inone or more operating theaters of a healthcare facility, or any room ina healthcare facility specially equipped for surgical operations, to acloud-based system (e.g., the cloud 204 that may include a remote server213 coupled to a storage device 205). In one aspect, the modularcommunication hub 203 comprises a network hub 207 and/or a networkswitch 209 in communication with a network router. The modularcommunication hub 203 also can be coupled to a local computer system 210to provide local computer processing and data manipulation. The surgicaldata network 201 may be configured as passive, intelligent, orswitching. A passive surgical data network serves as a conduit for thedata, enabling it to go from one device (or segment) to another and tothe cloud computing resources. An intelligent surgical data networkincludes additional features to enable the traffic passing through thesurgical data network to be monitored and to configure each port in thenetwork hub 207 or network switch 209. An intelligent surgical datanetwork may be referred to as a manageable hub or switch. A switchinghub reads the destination address of each packet and then forwards thepacket to the correct port.

Modular devices 1 a-1 n located in the operating theater may be coupledto the modular communication hub 203. The network hub 207 and/or thenetwork switch 209 may be coupled to a network router 211 to connect thedevices 1 a-1 n to the cloud 204 or the local computer system 210. Dataassociated with the devices 1 a-1 n may be transferred to cloud-basedcomputers via the router for remote data processing and manipulation.Data associated with the devices 1 a-1 n may also be transferred to thelocal computer system 210 for local data processing and manipulation.Modular devices 2 a-2 m located in the same operating theater also maybe coupled to a network switch 209. The network switch 209 may becoupled to the network hub 207 and/or the network router 211 to connectto the devices 2 a-2 m to the cloud 204. Data associated with thedevices 2 a-2 n may be transferred to the cloud 204 via the networkrouter 211 for data processing and manipulation. Data associated withthe devices 2 a-2 m may also be transferred to the local computer system210 for local data processing and manipulation.

It will be appreciated that the surgical data network 201 may beexpanded by interconnecting multiple network hubs 207 and/or multiplenetwork switches 209 with multiple network routers 211. The modularcommunication hub 203 may be contained in a modular control towerconfigured to receive multiple devices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 m. The localcomputer system 210 also may be contained in a modular control tower.The modular communication hub 203 is connected to a display 212 todisplay images obtained by some of the devices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 m, forexample during surgical procedures. In various aspects, the devices 1a-1 n/ 2 a-2 m may include, for example, various modules such as animaging module 138 coupled to an endoscope, a generator module 140coupled to an energy-based surgical device, a smoke evacuation module126, a suction/irrigation module 128, a communication module 130, aprocessor module 132, a storage array 134, a surgical device coupled toa display, and/or a non-contact sensor module, among other modulardevices that may be connected to the modular communication hub 203 ofthe surgical data network 201.

In one aspect, the surgical data network 201 may comprise a combinationof network hub(s), network switch(es), and network router(s) connectingthe devices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 m to the cloud. Any one of or all of thedevices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 m coupled to the network hub or network switchmay collect data in real time and transfer the data to cloud computersfor data processing and manipulation. It will be appreciated that cloudcomputing relies on sharing computing resources rather than having localservers or personal devices to handle software applications. The word“cloud” may be used as a metaphor for “the Internet,” although the termis not limited as such. Accordingly, the term “cloud computing” may beused herein to refer to “a type of Internet-based computing,” wheredifferent services—such as servers, storage, and applications—aredelivered to the modular communication hub 203 and/or computer system210 located in the surgical theater (e.g., a fixed, mobile, temporary,or field operating room or space) and to devices connected to themodular communication hub 203 and/or computer system 210 through theInternet. The cloud infrastructure may be maintained by a cloud serviceprovider. In this context, the cloud service provider may be the entitythat coordinates the usage and control of the devices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 mlocated in one or more operating theaters. The cloud computing servicescan perform a large number of calculations based on the data gathered bysmart surgical instruments, robots, and other computerized deviceslocated in the operating theater. The hub hardware enables multipledevices or connections to be connected to a computer that communicateswith the cloud computing resources and storage.

Applying cloud computer data processing techniques on the data collectedby the devices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 m, the surgical data network providesimproved surgical outcomes, reduced costs, and improved patientsatisfaction. At least some of the devices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 m may beemployed to view tissue states to assess leaks or perfusion of sealedtissue after a tissue sealing and cutting procedure. At least some ofthe devices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 m may be employed to identify pathology, suchas the effects of diseases, using the cloud-based computing to examinedata including images of samples of body tissue for diagnostic purposes.This includes localization and margin confirmation of tissue andphenotypes. At least some of the devices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 m may beemployed to identify anatomical structures of the body using a varietyof sensors integrated with imaging devices and techniques such asoverlaying images captured by multiple imaging devices. The datagathered by the devices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 m, including image data, may betransferred to the cloud 204 or the local computer system 210 or bothfor data processing and manipulation including image processing andmanipulation. The data may be analyzed to improve surgical procedureoutcomes by determining if further treatment, such as the application ofendoscopic intervention, emerging technologies, a targeted radiation,targeted intervention, and precise robotics to tissue-specific sites andconditions, may be pursued. Such data analysis may further employoutcome analytics processing, and using standardized approaches mayprovide beneficial feedback to either confirm surgical treatments andthe behavior of the surgeon or suggest modifications to surgicaltreatments and the behavior of the surgeon.

In one implementation, the operating theater devices 1 a-1 n may beconnected to the modular communication hub 203 over a wired channel or awireless channel depending on the configuration of the devices 1 a-1 nto a network hub. The network hub 207 may be implemented, in one aspect,as a local network broadcast device that works on the physical layer ofthe Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. The network hub providesconnectivity to the devices 1 a-1 n located in the same operatingtheater network. The network hub 207 collects data in the form ofpackets and sends them to the router in half duplex mode. The networkhub 207 does not store any media access control/Internet Protocol(MAC/IP) to transfer the device data. Only one of the devices 1 a-1 ncan send data at a time through the network hub 207. The network hub 207has no routing tables or intelligence regarding where to sendinformation and broadcasts all network data across each connection andto a remote server 213 (FIG. 9) over the cloud 204. The network hub 207can detect basic network errors such as collisions, but having allinformation broadcast to multiple ports can be a security risk and causebottlenecks.

In another implementation, the operating theater devices 2 a-2 m may beconnected to a network switch 209 over a wired channel or a wirelesschannel. The network switch 209 works in the data link layer of the OSImodel. The network switch 209 is a multicast device for connecting thedevices 2 a-2 m located in the same operating theater to the network.The network switch 209 sends data in the form of frames to the networkrouter 211 and works in full duplex mode. Multiple devices 2 a-2 m cansend data at the same time through the network switch 209. The networkswitch 209 stores and uses MAC addresses of the devices 2 a-2 m totransfer data.

The network hub 207 and/or the network switch 209 are coupled to thenetwork router 211 for connection to the cloud 204. The network router211 works in the network layer of the OSI model. The network router 211creates a route for transmitting data packets received from the networkhub 207 and/or network switch 211 to cloud-based computer resources forfurther processing and manipulation of the data collected by any one ofor all the devices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 m. The network router 211 may beemployed to connect two or more different networks located in differentlocations, such as, for example, different operating theaters of thesame healthcare facility or different networks located in differentoperating theaters of different healthcare facilities. The networkrouter 211 sends data in the form of packets to the cloud 204 and worksin full duplex mode. Multiple devices can send data at the same time.The network router 211 uses IP addresses to transfer data.

In one example, the network hub 207 may be implemented as a USB hub,which allows multiple USB devices to be connected to a host computer.The USB hub may expand a single USB port into several tiers so thatthere are more ports available to connect devices to the host systemcomputer. The network hub 207 may include wired or wireless capabilitiesto receive information over a wired channel or a wireless channel. Inone aspect, a wireless USB short-range, high-bandwidth wireless radiocommunication protocol may be employed for communication between thedevices 1 a-1 n and devices 2 a-2 m located in the operating theater.

In other examples, the operating theater devices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 m maycommunicate to the modular communication hub 203 via Bluetooth wirelesstechnology standard for exchanging data over short distances (usingshort-wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz)from fixed and mobile devices and building personal area networks(PANs). In other aspects, the operating theater devices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 mmay communicate to the modular communication hub 203 via a number ofwireless or wired communication standards or protocols, including butnot limited to Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11 family), WiMAX (IEEE 802.16 family),IEEE 802.20, long-term evolution (LTE), and Ev-DO, HSPA+, HSDPA+,HSUPA+, EDGE, GSM, GPRS, CDMA, TDMA, DECT, and Ethernet derivativesthereof, as well as any other wireless and wired protocols that aredesignated as 3G, 4G, 5G, and beyond. The computing module may include aplurality of communication modules. For instance, a first communicationmodule may be dedicated to shorter-range wireless communications such asWi-Fi and Bluetooth, and a second communication module may be dedicatedto longer-range wireless communications such as GPS, EDGE, GPRS, CDMA,WiMAX, LTE, Ev-DO, and others.

The modular communication hub 203 may serve as a central connection forone or all of the operating theater devices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 m and handlesa data type known as frames. Frames carry the data generated by thedevices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 m. When a frame is received by the modularcommunication hub 203, it is amplified and transmitted to the networkrouter 211, which transfers the data to the cloud computing resources byusing a number of wireless or wired communication standards orprotocols, as described herein.

The modular communication hub 203 can be used as a standalone device orbe connected to compatible network hubs and network switches to form alarger network. The modular communication hub 203 is generally easy toinstall, configure, and maintain, making it a good option for networkingthe operating theater devices 1 a-1 n/ 2 a-2 m.

FIG. 9 illustrates a computer-implemented interactive surgical system200. The computer-implemented interactive surgical system 200 is similarin many respects to the computer-implemented interactive surgical system100. For example, the computer-implemented interactive surgical system200 includes one or more surgical systems 202, which are similar in manyrespects to the surgical systems 102. Each surgical system 202 includesat least one surgical hub 206 in communication with a cloud 204 that mayinclude a remote server 213. In one aspect, the computer-implementedinteractive surgical system 200 comprises a modular control tower 236connected to multiple operating theater devices such as, for example,intelligent surgical instruments, robots, and other computerized deviceslocated in the operating theater. As shown in FIG. 10, the modularcontrol tower 236 comprises a modular communication hub 203 coupled to acomputer system 210. As illustrated in the example of FIG. 9, themodular control tower 236 is coupled to an imaging module 238 that iscoupled to an endoscope 239, a generator module 240 that is coupled toan energy device 241, a smoke evacuator module 226, a suction/irrigationmodule 228, a communication module 230, a processor module 232, astorage array 234, a smart device/instrument 235 optionally coupled to adisplay 237, and a non-contact sensor module 242. The operating theaterdevices are coupled to cloud computing resources and data storage viathe modular control tower 236. A robot hub 222 also may be connected tothe modular control tower 236 and to the cloud computing resources. Thedevices/instruments 235, visualization systems 208, among others, may becoupled to the modular control tower 236 via wired or wirelesscommunication standards or protocols, as described herein. The modularcontrol tower 236 may be coupled to a hub display 215 (e.g., monitor,screen) to display and overlay images received from the imaging module,device/instrument display, and/or other visualization systems 208. Thehub display also may display data received from devices connected to themodular control tower in conjunction with images and overlaid images.

FIG. 10 illustrates a surgical hub 206 comprising a plurality of modulescoupled to the modular control tower 236. The modular control tower 236comprises a modular communication hub 203, e.g., a network connectivitydevice, and a computer system 210 to provide local processing,visualization, and imaging, for example. As shown in FIG. 10, themodular communication hub 203 may be connected in a tiered configurationto expand the number of modules (e.g., devices) that may be connected tothe modular communication hub 203 and transfer data associated with themodules to the computer system 210, cloud computing resources, or both.As shown in FIG. 10, each of the network hubs/switches in the modularcommunication hub 203 includes three downstream ports and one upstreamport. The upstream network hub/switch is connected to a processor toprovide a communication connection to the cloud computing resources anda local display 217. Communication to the cloud 204 may be made eitherthrough a wired or a wireless communication channel.

The surgical hub 206 employs a non-contact sensor module 242 to measurethe dimensions of the operating theater and generate a map of thesurgical theater using either ultrasonic or laser-type non-contactmeasurement devices. An ultrasound-based non-contact sensor module scansthe operating theater by transmitting a burst of ultrasound andreceiving the echo when it bounces off the perimeter walls of anoperating theater as described under the heading “Surgical Hub SpatialAwareness Within an Operating Room” in U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 62/611,341, titled INTERACTIVE SURGICAL PLATFORM,filed Dec. 28, 2017, which is herein incorporated by reference in itsentirety, in which the sensor module is configured to determine the sizeof the operating theater and to adjust Bluetooth-pairing distancelimits. A laser-based non-contact sensor module scans the operatingtheater by transmitting laser light pulses, receiving laser light pulsesthat bounce off the perimeter walls of the operating theater, andcomparing the phase of the transmitted pulse to the received pulse todetermine the size of the operating theater and to adjust Bluetoothpairing distance limits, for example.

The computer system 210 comprises a processor 244 and a networkinterface 245. The processor 244 is coupled to a communication module247, storage 248, memory 249, non-volatile memory 250, and input/outputinterface 251 via a system bus. The system bus can be any of severaltypes of bus structure(s) including the memory bus or memory controller,a peripheral bus or external bus, and/or a local bus using any varietyof available bus architectures including, but not limited to, 9-bit bus,Industrial Standard Architecture (ISA), Micro-Channel Architecture(MSA), Extended ISA (EISA), Intelligent Drive Electronics (IDE), VESALocal Bus (VLB), Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), USB, AdvancedGraphics Port (AGP), Personal Computer Memory Card InternationalAssociation bus (PCMCIA), Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI), orany other proprietary bus.

The processor 244 may be any single-core or multicore processor such asthose known under the trade name ARM Cortex by Texas Instruments. In oneaspect, the processor may be an LM4F230H5QR ARM Cortex-M4F ProcessorCore, available from Texas Instruments, for example, comprising anon-chip memory of 256 KB single-cycle flash memory, or othernon-volatile memory, up to 40 MHz, a prefetch buffer to improveperformance above 40 MHz, a 32 KB single-cycle serial random accessmemory (SRAM), an internal read-only memory (ROM) loaded withStellarisWare® software, a 2 KB electrically erasable programmableread-only memory (EEPROM), and/or one or more pulse width modulation(PWM) modules, one or more quadrature encoder inputs (QEI) analogs, oneor more 12-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with 12 analog inputchannels, details of which are available for the product datasheet.

In one aspect, the processor 244 may comprise a safety controllercomprising two controller-based families such as TMS570 and RM4x, knownunder the trade name Hercules ARM Cortex R4, also by Texas Instruments.The safety controller may be configured specifically for IEC 61508 andISO 26262 safety critical applications, among others, to provideadvanced integrated safety features while delivering scalableperformance, connectivity, and memory options.

The system memory includes volatile memory and non-volatile memory. Thebasic input/output system (BIOS), containing the basic routines totransfer information between elements within the computer system, suchas during start-up, is stored in non-volatile memory. For example, thenon-volatile memory can include ROM, programmable ROM (PROM),electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), EEPROM, or flash memory. Volatilememory includes random-access memory (RAM), which acts as external cachememory. Moreover, RAM is available in many forms such as SRAM, dynamicRAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and directRambus RAM (DRRAM).

The computer system 210 also includes removable/non-removable,volatile/non-volatile computer storage media, such as for example diskstorage. The disk storage includes, but is not limited to, devices likea magnetic disk drive, floppy disk drive, tape drive, Jaz drive, Zipdrive, LS-60 drive, flash memory card, or memory stick. In addition, thedisk storage can include storage media separately or in combination withother storage media including, but not limited to, an optical disc drivesuch as a compact disc ROM device (CD-ROM), compact disc recordabledrive (CD-R Drive), compact disc rewritable drive (CD-RW Drive), or adigital versatile disc ROM drive (DVD-ROM). To facilitate the connectionof the disk storage devices to the system bus, a removable ornon-removable interface may be employed.

It is to be appreciated that the computer system 210 includes softwarethat acts as an intermediary between users and the basic computerresources described in a suitable operating environment. Such softwareincludes an operating system. The operating system, which can be storedon the disk storage, acts to control and allocate resources of thecomputer system. System applications take advantage of the management ofresources by the operating system through program modules and programdata stored either in the system memory or on the disk storage. It is tobe appreciated that various components described herein can beimplemented with various operating systems or combinations of operatingsystems.

A user enters commands or information into the computer system 210through input device(s) coupled to the I/O interface 251. The inputdevices include, but are not limited to, a pointing device such as amouse, trackball, stylus, touch pad, keyboard, microphone, joystick,game pad, satellite dish, scanner, TV tuner card, digital camera,digital video camera, web camera, and the like. These and other inputdevices connect to the processor through the system bus via interfaceport(s). The interface port(s) include, for example, a serial port, aparallel port, a game port, and a USB. The output device(s) use some ofthe same types of ports as input device(s). Thus, for example, a USBport may be used to provide input to the computer system and to outputinformation from the computer system to an output device. An outputadapter is provided to illustrate that there are some output deviceslike monitors, displays, speakers, and printers, among other outputdevices that require special adapters. The output adapters include, byway of illustration and not limitation, video and sound cards thatprovide a means of connection between the output device and the systembus. It should be noted that other devices and/or systems of devices,such as remote computer(s), provide both input and output capabilities.

The computer system 210 can operate in a networked environment usinglogical connections to one or more remote computers, such as cloudcomputer(s), or local computers. The remote cloud computer(s) can be apersonal computer, server, router, network PC, workstation,microprocessor-based appliance, peer device, or other common networknode, and the like, and typically includes many or all of the elementsdescribed relative to the computer system. For purposes of brevity, onlya memory storage device is illustrated with the remote computer(s). Theremote computer(s) is logically connected to the computer system througha network interface and then physically connected via a communicationconnection. The network interface encompasses communication networkssuch as local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). LANtechnologies include Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), CopperDistributed Data Interface (CDDI), Ethernet/IEEE 802.3, Token Ring/IEEE802.5 and the like. WAN technologies include, but are not limited to,point-to-point links, circuit-switching networks like IntegratedServices Digital Networks (ISDN) and variations thereon,packet-switching networks, and Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL).

In various aspects, the computer system 210 of FIG. 10, the imagingmodule 238 and/or visualization system 208, and/or the processor module232 of FIGS. 9-10, may comprise an image processor, image-processingengine, media processor, or any specialized digital signal processor(DSP) used for the processing of digital images. The image processor mayemploy parallel computing with single instruction, multiple data (SIMD)or multiple instruction, multiple data (MIMD) technologies to increasespeed and efficiency. The digital image-processing engine can perform arange of tasks. The image processor may be a system on a chip withmulticore processor architecture.

The communication connection(s) refers to the hardware/software employedto connect the network interface to the bus. While the communicationconnection is shown for illustrative clarity inside the computer system,it can also be external to the computer system 210. Thehardware/software necessary for connection to the network interfaceincludes, for illustrative purposes only, internal and externaltechnologies such as modems, including regular telephone-grade modems,cable modems, and DSL modems, ISDN adapters, and Ethernet cards.

In various aspects, the devices/instruments 235 described with referenceto FIGS. 9-10, may be implemented as one or more active devices or idledevices (see 200510), advanced energy devices, a powered endoscopegrasper, powered stapler, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see200520) or powered stapler, powered endoscopic grasper, advanced energydevice, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see 200530) as depicted inFIG. 16. Accordingly, the as one or more active devices or idle devices(see 200510), advanced energy devices, a powered endoscope grasper,powered stapler, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see 200520) orpowered stapler, powered endoscopic grasper, advanced energy device, orpowered endoscopic clip applier (see 200530) as depicted in FIG. 16 maybe configured to interface with the modular control tower 236 and thesurgical hub 206. Once connected to the surgical hub 206 the one or moreactive devices or idle devices (see 200510), advanced energy devices, apowered endoscope grasper, powered stapler, or powered endoscopic clipapplier (see 200520) or powered stapler, powered endoscopic grasper,advanced energy device, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see 200530)as depicted in FIG. 16 may be configured to interface with the cloud204, the server 213, other hub connected instruments, the hub display215, or the visualization system 209, or combinations thereof. Further,once connected to hub 206, the one or more active devices or idledevices (see 200510), advanced energy devices, a powered endoscopegrasper, powered stapler, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see200520) or powered stapler, powered endoscopic grasper, advanced energydevice, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see 200530) as depicted inFIG. 16 may utilize the processing circuits available in the hub localcomputer system 210.

FIG. 11 illustrates a functional block diagram of one aspect of a USBnetwork hub 300 device, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure. In the illustrated aspect, the USB network hubdevice 300 employs a TUSB2036 integrated circuit hub by TexasInstruments. The USB network hub 300 is a CMOS device that provides anupstream USB transceiver port 302 and up to three downstream USBtransceiver ports 304, 306, 308 in compliance with the USB 2.0specification. The upstream USB transceiver port 302 is a differentialroot data port comprising a differential data minus (DM0) input pairedwith a differential data plus (DP0) input. The three downstream USBtransceiver ports 304, 306, 308 are differential data ports where eachport includes differential data plus (DP1-DP3) outputs paired withdifferential data minus (DM1-DM3) outputs.

The USB network hub 300 device is implemented with a digital statemachine instead of a microcontroller, and no firmware programming isrequired. Fully compliant USB transceivers are integrated into thecircuit for the upstream USB transceiver port 302 and all downstream USBtransceiver ports 304, 306, 308. The downstream USB transceiver ports304, 306, 308 support both full-speed and low-speed devices byautomatically setting the slew rate according to the speed of the deviceattached to the ports. The USB network hub 300 device may be configuredeither in bus-powered or self-powered mode and includes a hub powerlogic 312 to manage power.

The USB network hub 300 device includes a serial interface engine 310(SIE). The SIE 310 is the front end of the USB network hub 300 hardwareand handles most of the protocol described in chapter 8 of the USBspecification. The SIE 310 typically comprehends signaling up to thetransaction level. The functions that it handles could include: packetrecognition, transaction sequencing, SOP, EOP, RESET, and RESUME signaldetection/generation, clock/data separation, non-return-to-zero invert(NRZI) data encoding/decoding and bit-stuffing, CRC generation andchecking (token and data), packet ID (PID) generation andchecking/decoding, and/or serial-parallel/parallel-serial conversion.The 310 receives a clock input 314 and is coupled to a suspend/resumelogic and frame timer 316 circuit and a hub repeater circuit 318 tocontrol communication between the upstream USB transceiver port 302 andthe downstream USB transceiver ports 304, 306, 308 through port logiccircuits 320, 322, 324. The SIE 310 is coupled to a command decoder 326via interface logic 328 to control commands from a serial EEPROM via aserial EEPROM interface 330.

In various aspects, the USB network hub 300 can connect 127 functionsconfigured in up to six logical layers (tiers) to a single computer.Further, the USB network hub 300 can connect to all peripherals using astandardized four-wire cable that provides both communication and powerdistribution. The power configurations are bus-powered and self-poweredmodes. The USB network hub 300 may be configured to support four modesof power management: a bus-powered hub, with either individual-portpower management or ganged-port power management, and the self-poweredhub, with either individual-port power management or ganged-port powermanagement. In one aspect, using a USB cable, the USB network hub 300,the upstream USB transceiver port 302 is plugged into a USB hostcontroller, and the downstream USB transceiver ports 304, 306, 308 areexposed for connecting USB compatible devices, and so forth.

Additional details regarding the structure and function of the surgicalhub and/or surgical hub networks can be found in U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/659,900, titled METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION, filedApr. 19, 2018, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety.

Cloud System Hardware and Functional Modules

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the computer-implemented interactivesurgical system, in accordance with at least one aspect of the presentdisclosure. In one aspect, the computer-implemented interactive surgicalsystem is configured to monitor and analyze data related to theoperation of various surgical systems that include surgical hubs,surgical instruments, robotic devices and operating theaters orhealthcare facilities. The computer-implemented interactive surgicalsystem comprises a cloud-based analytics system. Although thecloud-based analytics system is described as a surgical system, it isnot necessarily limited as such and could be a cloud-based medicalsystem generally. As illustrated in FIG. 12, the cloud-based analyticssystem comprises a plurality of surgical instruments 7012 (may be thesame or similar to instruments 112), a plurality of surgical hubs 7006(may be the same or similar to hubs 106), and a surgical data network7001 (may be the same or similar to network 201) to couple the surgicalhubs 7006 to the cloud 7004 (may be the same or similar to cloud 204).Each of the plurality of surgical hubs 7006 is communicatively coupledto one or more surgical instruments 7012. The hubs 7006 are alsocommunicatively coupled to the cloud 7004 of the computer-implementedinteractive surgical system via the network 7001. The cloud 7004 is aremote centralized source of hardware and software for storing,manipulating, and communicating data generated based on the operation ofvarious surgical systems. As shown in FIG. 12, access to the cloud 7004is achieved via the network 7001, which may be the Internet or someother suitable computer network. Surgical hubs 7006 that are coupled tothe cloud 7004 can be considered the client side of the cloud computingsystem (i.e., cloud-based analytics system). Surgical instruments 7012are paired with the surgical hubs 7006 for control and implementation ofvarious surgical procedures or operations as described herein.

In addition, surgical instruments 7012 may comprise transceivers fordata transmission to and from their corresponding surgical hubs 7006(which may also comprise transceivers). Combinations of surgicalinstruments 7012 and corresponding hubs 7006 may indicate particularlocations, such as operating theaters in healthcare facilities (e.g.,hospitals), for providing medical operations. For example, the memory ofa surgical hub 7006 may store location data. As shown in FIG. 12, thecloud 7004 comprises central servers 7013 (which may be same or similarto remote server 113 in FIG. 1 and/or remote server 213 in FIG. 9), hubapplication servers 7002, data analytics modules 7034, and aninput/output (“I/O”) interface 7007. The central servers 7013 of thecloud 7004 collectively administer the cloud computing system, whichincludes monitoring requests by client surgical hubs 7006 and managingthe processing capacity of the cloud 7004 for executing the requests.Each of the central servers 7013 comprises one or more processors 7008coupled to suitable memory devices 7010 which can include volatilememory such as random-access memory (RAM) and non-volatile memory suchas magnetic storage devices. The memory devices 7010 may comprisemachine executable instructions that when executed cause the processors7008 to execute the data analytics modules 7034 for the cloud-based dataanalysis, operations, recommendations and other operations describedbelow. Moreover, the processors 7008 can execute the data analyticsmodules 7034 independently or in conjunction with hub applicationsindependently executed by the hubs 7006. The central servers 7013 alsocomprise aggregated medical data databases 2212, which can reside in thememory 2210.

Based on connections to various surgical hubs 7006 via the network 7001,the cloud 7004 can aggregate data from specific data generated byvarious surgical instruments 7012 and their corresponding hubs 7006.Such aggregated data may be stored within the aggregated medicaldatabases 7011 of the cloud 7004. In particular, the cloud 7004 mayadvantageously perform data analysis and operations on the aggregateddata to yield insights and/or perform functions that individual hubs7006 could not achieve on their own. To this end, as shown in FIG. 12,the cloud 7004 and the surgical hubs 7006 are communicatively coupled totransmit and receive information. The I/O interface 7007 is connected tothe plurality of surgical hubs 7006 via the network 7001. In this way,the I/O interface 7007 can be configured to transfer information betweenthe surgical hubs 7006 and the aggregated medical data databases 7011.Accordingly, the I/O interface 7007 may facilitate read/write operationsof the cloud-based analytics system. Such read/write operations may beexecuted in response to requests from hubs 7006. These requests could betransmitted to the hubs 7006 through the hub applications. The I/Ointerface 7007 may include one or more high speed data ports, which mayinclude universal serial bus (USB) ports, IEEE 1394 ports, as well asWi-Fi and Bluetooth I/O interfaces for connecting the cloud 7004 to hubs7006. The hub application servers 7002 of the cloud 7004 are configuredto host and supply shared capabilities to software applications (e.g.hub applications) executed by surgical hubs 7006. For example, the hubapplication servers 7002 may manage requests made by the hubapplications through the hubs 7006, control access to the aggregatedmedical data databases 7011, and perform load balancing. The dataanalytics modules 7034 are described in further detail with reference toFIG. 13.

The particular cloud computing system configuration described in thepresent disclosure is specifically designed to address various issuesarising in the context of medical operations and procedures performedusing medical devices, such as the surgical instruments 7012, 112. Inparticular, the surgical instruments 7012 may be digital surgicaldevices configured to interact with the cloud 7004 for implementingtechniques to improve the performance of surgical operations. Varioussurgical instruments 7012 and/or surgical hubs 7006 may comprise touchcontrolled user interfaces such that clinicians may control aspects ofinteraction between the surgical instruments 7012 and the cloud 7004.Other suitable user interfaces for control such as auditory controlleduser interfaces can also be used.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram which illustrates the functional architectureof the computer-implemented interactive surgical system, in accordancewith at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The cloud-basedanalytics system includes a plurality of data analytics modules 7034that may be executed by the processors 7008 of the cloud 7004 forproviding data analytic solutions to problems specifically arising inthe medical field. As shown in FIG. 13, the functions of the cloud-baseddata analytics modules 7034 may be assisted via hub applications 7014hosted by the hub application servers 7002 that may be accessed onsurgical hubs 7006. The cloud processors 7008 and hub applications 7014may operate in conjunction to execute the data analytics modules 7034.Application program interfaces (APIs) 7016 define the set of protocolsand routines corresponding to the hub applications 7014. Additionally,the APIs 7016 manage the storing and retrieval of data into and from theaggregated medical data databases 7011 for the operations of theapplications 7014. The caches 7018 also store data (e.g., temporarily)and are coupled to the APIs 7016 for more efficient retrieval of dataused by the applications 7014. The data analytics modules 7034 in FIG.13 include modules for resource optimization 7020, data collection andaggregation 7022, authorization and security 7024, control programupdating 7026, patient outcome analysis 7028, recommendations 7030, anddata sorting and prioritization 7032. Other suitable data analyticsmodules could also be implemented by the cloud 7004, according to someaspects. In one aspect, the data analytics modules are used for specificrecommendations based on analyzing trends, outcomes, and other data.

For example, the data collection and aggregation module 7022 could beused to generate self-describing data (e.g., metadata) includingidentification of notable features or configuration (e.g., trends),management of redundant data sets, and storage of the data in paireddata sets which can be grouped by surgery but not necessarily keyed toactual surgical dates and surgeons. In particular, pair data setsgenerated from operations of surgical instruments 7012 can compriseapplying a binary classification, e.g., a bleeding or a non-bleedingevent. More generally, the binary classification may be characterized aseither a desirable event (e.g., a successful surgical procedure) or anundesirable event (e.g., a misfired or misused surgical instrument7012). The aggregated self-describing data may correspond to individualdata received from various groups or subgroups of surgical hubs 7006.Accordingly, the data collection and aggregation module 7022 cangenerate aggregated metadata or other organized data based on raw datareceived from the surgical hubs 7006. To this end, the processors 7008can be operationally coupled to the hub applications 7014 and aggregatedmedical data databases 7011 for executing the data analytics modules7034. The data collection and aggregation module 7022 may store theaggregated organized data into the aggregated medical data databases2212.

The resource optimization module 7020 can be configured to analyze thisaggregated data to determine an optimal usage of resources for aparticular or group of healthcare facilities. For example, the resourceoptimization module 7020 may determine an optimal order point ofsurgical stapling instruments 7012 for a group of healthcare facilitiesbased on corresponding predicted demand of such instruments 7012. Theresource optimization module 7020 might also assess the resource usageor other operational configurations of various healthcare facilities todetermine whether resource usage could be improved. Similarly, therecommendations module 7030 can be configured to analyze aggregatedorganized data from the data collection and aggregation module 7022 toprovide recommendations. For example, the recommendations module 7030could recommend to healthcare facilities (e.g., medical serviceproviders such as hospitals) that a particular surgical instrument 7012should be upgraded to an improved version based on a higher thanexpected error rate, for example. Additionally, the recommendationsmodule 7030 and/or resource optimization module 7020 could recommendbetter supply chain parameters such as product reorder points andprovide suggestions of different surgical instrument 7012, uses thereof,or procedure steps to improve surgical outcomes. The healthcarefacilities can receive such recommendations via corresponding surgicalhubs 7006. More specific recommendations regarding parameters orconfigurations of various surgical instruments 7012 can also beprovided. Hubs 7006 and/or surgical instruments 7012 each could alsohave display screens that display data or recommendations provided bythe cloud 7004.

The patient outcome analysis module 7028 can analyze surgical outcomesassociated with currently used operational parameters of surgicalinstruments 7012. The patient outcome analysis module 7028 may alsoanalyze and assess other potential operational parameters. In thisconnection, the recommendations module 7030 could recommend using theseother potential operational parameters based on yielding better surgicaloutcomes, such as better sealing or less bleeding. For example, therecommendations module 7030 could transmit recommendations to a surgicalhub 7006 regarding when to use a particular cartridge for acorresponding stapling surgical instrument 7012. Thus, the cloud-basedanalytics system, while controlling for common variables, may beconfigured to analyze the large collection of raw data and to providecentralized recommendations over multiple healthcare facilities(advantageously determined based on aggregated data). For example, thecloud-based analytics system could analyze, evaluate, and/or aggregatedata based on type of medical practice, type of patient, number ofpatients, geographic similarity between medical providers, which medicalproviders/facilities use similar types of instruments, etc., in a waythat no single healthcare facility alone would be able to analyzeindependently.

The control program updating module 7026 could be configured toimplement various surgical instrument 7012 recommendations whencorresponding control programs are updated. For example, the patientoutcome analysis module 7028 could identify correlations linkingspecific control parameters with successful (or unsuccessful) results.Such correlations may be addressed when updated control programs aretransmitted to surgical instruments 7012 via the control programupdating module 7026. Updates to instruments 7012 that are transmittedvia a corresponding hub 7006 may incorporate aggregated performance datathat was gathered and analyzed by the data collection and aggregationmodule 7022 of the cloud 7004. Additionally, the patient outcomeanalysis module 7028 and recommendations module 7030 could identifyimproved methods of using instruments 7012 based on aggregatedperformance data.

The cloud-based analytics system may include security featuresimplemented by the cloud 7004. These security features may be managed bythe authorization and security module 7024. Each surgical hub 7006 canhave associated unique credentials such as username, password, and othersuitable security credentials. These credentials could be stored in thememory 7010 and be associated with a permitted cloud access level. Forexample, based on providing accurate credentials, a surgical hub 7006may be granted access to communicate with the cloud to a predeterminedextent (e.g., may only engage in transmitting or receiving certaindefined types of information). To this end, the aggregated medical datadatabases 7011 of the cloud 7004 may comprise a database of authorizedcredentials for verifying the accuracy of provided credentials.Different credentials may be associated with varying levels ofpermission for interaction with the cloud 7004, such as a predeterminedaccess level for receiving the data analytics generated by the cloud7004.

Furthermore, for security purposes, the cloud could maintain a databaseof hubs 7006, instruments 7012, and other devices that may comprise a“black list” of prohibited devices. In particular, a surgical hub 7006listed on the black list may not be permitted to interact with thecloud, while surgical instruments 7012 listed on the black list may nothave functional access to a corresponding hub 7006 and/or may beprevented from fully functioning when paired to its corresponding hub7006. Additionally or alternatively, the cloud 7004 may flag instruments7012 based on incompatibility or other specified criteria. In thismanner, counterfeit medical devices and improper reuse of such devicesthroughout the cloud-based analytics system can be identified andaddressed.

The surgical instruments 7012 may use wireless transceivers to transmitwireless signals that may represent, for example, authorizationcredentials for access to corresponding hubs 7006 and the cloud 7004.Wired transceivers may also be used to transmit signals. Suchauthorization credentials can be stored in the respective memory devicesof the surgical instruments 7012. The authorization and security module7024 can determine whether the authorization credentials are accurate orcounterfeit. The authorization and security module 7024 may alsodynamically generate authorization credentials for enhanced security.The credentials could also be encrypted, such as by using hash basedencryption. Upon transmitting proper authorization, the surgicalinstruments 7012 may transmit a signal to the corresponding hubs 7006and ultimately the cloud 7004 to indicate that the instruments 7012 areready to obtain and transmit medical data. In response, the cloud 7004may transition into a state enabled for receiving medical data forstorage into the aggregated medical data databases 7011. This datatransmission readiness could be indicated by a light indicator on theinstruments 7012, for example. The cloud 7004 can also transmit signalsto surgical instruments 7012 for updating their associated controlprograms. The cloud 7004 can transmit signals that are directed to aparticular class of surgical instruments 7012 (e.g., electrosurgicalinstruments) so that software updates to control programs are onlytransmitted to the appropriate surgical instruments 7012. Moreover, thecloud 7004 could be used to implement system wide solutions to addresslocal or global problems based on selective data transmission andauthorization credentials. For example, if a group of surgicalinstruments 7012 are identified as having a common manufacturing defect,the cloud 7004 may change the authorization credentials corresponding tothis group to implement an operational lockout of the group.

The cloud-based analytics system may allow for monitoring multiplehealthcare facilities (e.g., medical facilities like hospitals) todetermine improved practices and recommend changes (via therecommendations module 2030, for example) accordingly. Thus, theprocessors 7008 of the cloud 7004 can analyze data associated with anindividual healthcare facility to identify the facility and aggregatethe data with other data associated with other healthcare facilities ina group. Groups could be defined based on similar operating practices orgeographical location, for example. In this way, the cloud 7004 mayprovide healthcare facility group wide analysis and recommendations. Thecloud-based analytics system could also be used for enhanced situationalawareness. For example, the processors 7008 may predictively model theeffects of recommendations on the cost and effectiveness for aparticular facility (relative to overall operations and/or variousmedical procedures). The cost and effectiveness associated with thatparticular facility can also be compared to a corresponding local regionof other facilities or any other comparable facilities.

The data sorting and prioritization module 7032 may prioritize and sortdata based on criticality (e.g., the severity of a medical eventassociated with the data, unexpectedness, suspiciousness). This sortingand prioritization may be used in conjunction with the functions of theother data analytics modules 7034 described above to improve thecloud-based analytics and operations described herein. For example, thedata sorting and prioritization module 7032 can assign a priority to thedata analysis performed by the data collection and aggregation module7022 and patient outcome analysis modules 7028. Different prioritizationlevels can result in particular responses from the cloud 7004(corresponding to a level of urgency) such as escalation for anexpedited response, special processing, exclusion from the aggregatedmedical data databases 7011, or other suitable responses. Moreover, ifnecessary, the cloud 7004 can transmit a request (e.g. a push message)through the hub application servers for additional data fromcorresponding surgical instruments 7012. The push message can result ina notification displayed on the corresponding hubs 7006 for requestingsupporting or additional data. This push message may be required insituations in which the cloud detects a significant irregularity oroutlier and the cloud cannot determine the cause of the irregularity.The central servers 7013 may be programmed to trigger this push messagein certain significant circumstances, such as when data is determined tobe different from an expected value beyond a predetermined threshold orwhen it appears security has been comprised, for example.

In various aspects, the surgical instrument(s) 7012 described above withreference to FIGS. 12 and 13, may be implemented as one or more activedevices or idle devices (see 200510), advanced energy devices, a poweredendoscope grasper, powered stapler, or powered endoscopic clip applier(see 200520) or powered stapler, powered endoscopic grasper, advancedenergy device, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see 200530) asdepicted in FIG. 16. Accordingly, the one or more active devices or idledevices (see 200510), advanced energy devices, a powered endoscopegrasper, powered stapler, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see200520) or powered stapler, powered endoscopic grasper, advanced energydevice, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see 200530) as depicted inFIG. 16 may be configured to interface with the surgical hub 7006 andthe network 2001, which is configured to interface with cloud 7004.Accordingly, the processing power provided by the central servers 7013and the data analytics module 7034 are configured to process information(e.g., data and control) from the one or more active devices or idledevices (see 200510), advanced energy devices, a powered endoscopegrasper, powered stapler, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see200520) or powered stapler, powered endoscopic grasper, advanced energydevice, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see 200530) as depicted inFIG. 16.

Additional details regarding the cloud analysis system can be found inU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/659,900, titled METHOD OF HUBCOMMUNICATION, filed Apr. 19, 2018, which is hereby incorporated byreference herein in its entirety.

Situational Awareness

Although an “intelligent” device including control algorithms thatrespond to sensed data can be an improvement over a “dumb” device thatoperates without accounting for sensed data, some sensed data can beincomplete or inconclusive when considered in isolation, i.e., withoutthe context of the type of surgical procedure being performed or thetype of tissue that is being operated on. Without knowing the proceduralcontext (e.g., knowing the type of tissue being operated on or the typeof procedure being performed), the control algorithm may control themodular device incorrectly or suboptimally given the particularcontext-free sensed data. For example, the optimal manner for a controlalgorithm to control a surgical instrument in response to a particularsensed parameter can vary according to the particular tissue type beingoperated on. This is due to the fact that different tissue types havedifferent properties (e.g., resistance to tearing) and thus responddifferently to actions taken by surgical instruments. Therefore, it maybe desirable for a surgical instrument to take different actions evenwhen the same measurement for a particular parameter is sensed. As onespecific example, the optimal manner in which to control a surgicalstapling and cutting instrument in response to the instrument sensing anunexpectedly high force to close its end effector will vary dependingupon whether the tissue type is susceptible or resistant to tearing. Fortissues that are susceptible to tearing, such as lung tissue, theinstrument's control algorithm would optimally ramp down the motor inresponse to an unexpectedly high force to close to avoid tearing thetissue. For tissues that are resistant to tearing, such as stomachtissue, the instrument's control algorithm would optimally ramp up themotor in response to an unexpectedly high force to close to ensure thatthe end effector is clamped properly on the tissue. Without knowingwhether lung or stomach tissue has been clamped, the control algorithmmay make a suboptimal decision.

One solution utilizes a surgical hub including a system that isconfigured to derive information about the surgical procedure beingperformed based on data received from various data sources and thencontrol the paired modular devices accordingly. In other words, thesurgical hub is configured to infer information about the surgicalprocedure from received data and then control the modular devices pairedto the surgical hub based upon the inferred context of the surgicalprocedure. FIG. 14 illustrates a diagram of a situationally awaresurgical system 5100, in accordance with at least one aspect of thepresent disclosure. In some exemplifications, the data sources 5126include, for example, the modular devices 5102 (which can includesensors configured to detect parameters associated with the patientand/or the modular device itself), databases 5122 (e.g., an EMR databasecontaining patient records), and patient monitoring devices 5124 (e.g.,a blood pressure (BP) monitor and an electrocardiography (EKG) monitor).

A surgical hub 5104, which may be similar to the hub 106 in manyrespects, can be configured to derive the contextual informationpertaining to the surgical procedure from the data based upon, forexample, the particular combination(s) of received data or theparticular order in which the data is received from the data sources5126. The contextual information inferred from the received data caninclude, for example, the type of surgical procedure being performed,the particular step of the surgical procedure that the surgeon isperforming, the type of tissue being operated on, or the body cavitythat is the subject of the procedure. This ability by some aspects ofthe surgical hub 5104 to derive or infer information related to thesurgical procedure from received data can be referred to as “situationalawareness.” In one exemplification, the surgical hub 5104 canincorporate a situational awareness system, which is the hardware and/orprogramming associated with the surgical hub 5104 that derivescontextual information pertaining to the surgical procedure from thereceived data.

The situational awareness system of the surgical hub 5104 can beconfigured to derive the contextual information from the data receivedfrom the data sources 5126 in a variety of different ways. In oneexemplification, the situational awareness system includes a patternrecognition system, or machine learning system (e.g., an artificialneural network), that has been trained on training data to correlatevarious inputs (e.g., data from databases 5122, patient monitoringdevices 5124, and/or modular devices 5102) to corresponding contextualinformation regarding a surgical procedure. In other words, a machinelearning system can be trained to accurately derive contextualinformation regarding a surgical procedure from the provided inputs. Inanother exemplification, the situational awareness system can include alookup table storing pre-characterized contextual information regardinga surgical procedure in association with one or more inputs (or rangesof inputs) corresponding to the contextual information. In response to aquery with one or more inputs, the lookup table can return thecorresponding contextual information for the situational awarenesssystem for controlling the modular devices 5102. In one exemplification,the contextual information received by the situational awareness systemof the surgical hub 5104 is associated with a particular controladjustment or set of control adjustments for one or more modular devices5102. In another exemplification, the situational awareness systemincludes a further machine learning system, lookup table, or other suchsystem, which generates or retrieves one or more control adjustments forone or more modular devices 5102 when provided the contextualinformation as input.

A surgical hub 5104 incorporating a situational awareness systemprovides a number of benefits for the surgical system 5100. One benefitincludes improving the interpretation of sensed and collected data,which would in turn improve the processing accuracy and/or the usage ofthe data during the course of a surgical procedure. To return to aprevious example, a situationally aware surgical hub 5104 coulddetermine what type of tissue was being operated on; therefore, when anunexpectedly high force to close the surgical instrument's end effectoris detected, the situationally aware surgical hub 5104 could correctlyramp up or ramp down the motor of the surgical instrument for the typeof tissue.

As another example, the type of tissue being operated can affect theadjustments that are made to the compression rate and load thresholds ofa surgical stapling and cutting instrument for a particular tissue gapmeasurement. A situationally aware surgical hub 5104 could infer whethera surgical procedure being performed is a thoracic or an abdominalprocedure, allowing the surgical hub 5104 to determine whether thetissue clamped by an end effector of the surgical stapling and cuttinginstrument is lung (for a thoracic procedure) or stomach (for anabdominal procedure) tissue. The surgical hub 5104 could then adjust thecompression rate and load thresholds of the surgical stapling andcutting instrument appropriately for the type of tissue.

As yet another example, the type of body cavity being operated in duringan insufflation procedure can affect the function of a smoke evacuator.A situationally aware surgical hub 5104 could determine whether thesurgical site is under pressure (by determining that the surgicalprocedure is utilizing insufflation) and determine the procedure type.As a procedure type is generally performed in a specific body cavity,the surgical hub 5104 could then control the motor rate of the smokeevacuator appropriately for the body cavity being operated in. Thus, asituationally aware surgical hub 5104 could provide a consistent amountof smoke evacuation for both thoracic and abdominal procedures.

As yet another example, the type of procedure being performed can affectthe optimal energy level for an ultrasonic surgical instrument or radiofrequency (RF) electrosurgical instrument to operate at. Arthroscopicprocedures, for example, require higher energy levels because the endeffector of the ultrasonic surgical instrument or RF electrosurgicalinstrument is immersed in fluid. A situationally aware surgical hub 5104could determine whether the surgical procedure is an arthroscopicprocedure. The surgical hub 5104 could then adjust the RF power level orthe ultrasonic amplitude of the generator (i.e., “energy level”) tocompensate for the fluid filled environment. Relatedly, the type oftissue being operated on can affect the optimal energy level for anultrasonic surgical instrument or RF electrosurgical instrument tooperate at. A situationally aware surgical hub 5104 could determine whattype of surgical procedure is being performed and then customize theenergy level for the ultrasonic surgical instrument or RFelectrosurgical instrument, respectively, according to the expectedtissue profile for the surgical procedure. Furthermore, a situationallyaware surgical hub 5104 can be configured to adjust the energy level forthe ultrasonic surgical instrument or RF electrosurgical instrumentthroughout the course of a surgical procedure, rather than just on aprocedure-by-procedure basis. A situationally aware surgical hub 5104could determine what step of the surgical procedure is being performedor will subsequently be performed and then update the control algorithmsfor the generator and/or ultrasonic surgical instrument or RFelectrosurgical instrument to set the energy level at a valueappropriate for the expected tissue type according to the surgicalprocedure step.

As yet another example, data can be drawn from additional data sources5126 to improve the conclusions that the surgical hub 5104 draws fromone data source 5126. A situationally aware surgical hub 5104 couldaugment data that it receives from the modular devices 5102 withcontextual information that it has built up regarding the surgicalprocedure from other data sources 5126. For example, a situationallyaware surgical hub 5104 can be configured to determine whetherhemostasis has occurred (i.e., whether bleeding at a surgical site hasstopped) according to video or image data received from a medicalimaging device. However, in some cases the video or image data can beinconclusive. Therefore, in one exemplification, the surgical hub 5104can be further configured to compare a physiologic measurement (e.g.,blood pressure sensed by a BP monitor communicably connected to thesurgical hub 5104) with the visual or image data of hemostasis (e.g.,from a medical imaging device 124 (FIG. 2) communicably coupled to thesurgical hub 5104) to make a determination on the integrity of thestaple line or tissue weld. In other words, the situational awarenesssystem of the surgical hub 5104 can consider the physiologicalmeasurement data to provide additional context in analyzing thevisualization data. The additional context can be useful when thevisualization data may be inconclusive or incomplete on its own.

Another benefit includes proactively and automatically controlling thepaired modular devices 5102 according to the particular step of thesurgical procedure that is being performed to reduce the number of timesthat medical personnel are required to interact with or control thesurgical system 5100 during the course of a surgical procedure. Forexample, a situationally aware surgical hub 5104 could proactivelyactivate the generator to which an RF electrosurgical instrument isconnected if it determines that a subsequent step of the procedurerequires the use of the instrument. Proactively activating the energysource allows the instrument to be ready for use a soon as the precedingstep of the procedure is completed.

As another example, a situationally aware surgical hub 5104 coulddetermine whether the current or subsequent step of the surgicalprocedure requires a different view or degree of magnification on thedisplay according to the feature(s) at the surgical site that thesurgeon is expected to need to view. The surgical hub 5104 could thenproactively change the displayed view (supplied by, e.g., a medicalimaging device for the visualization system 108) accordingly so that thedisplay automatically adjusts throughout the surgical procedure.

As yet another example, a situationally aware surgical hub 5104 coulddetermine which step of the surgical procedure is being performed orwill subsequently be performed and whether particular data orcomparisons between data will be required for that step of the surgicalprocedure. The surgical hub 5104 can be configured to automatically callup data screens based upon the step of the surgical procedure beingperformed, without waiting for the surgeon to ask for the particularinformation.

Another benefit includes checking for errors during the setup of thesurgical procedure or during the course of the surgical procedure. Forexample, a situationally aware surgical hub 5104 could determine whetherthe operating theater is setup properly or optimally for the surgicalprocedure to be performed. The surgical hub 5104 can be configured todetermine the type of surgical procedure being performed, retrieve thecorresponding checklists, product location, or setup needs (e.g., from amemory), and then compare the current operating theater layout to thestandard layout for the type of surgical procedure that the surgical hub5104 determines is being performed. In one exemplification, the surgicalhub 5104 can be configured to compare the list of items for theprocedure scanned by a suitable scanner, for example, and/or a list ofdevices paired with the surgical hub 5104 to a recommended oranticipated manifest of items and/or devices for the given surgicalprocedure. If there are any discontinuities between the lists, thesurgical hub 5104 can be configured to provide an alert indicating thata particular modular device 5102, patient monitoring device 5124, and/orother surgical item is missing. In one exemplification, the surgical hub5104 can be configured to determine the relative distance or position ofthe modular devices 5102 and patient monitoring devices 5124 viaproximity sensors, for example. The surgical hub 5104 can compare therelative positions of the devices to a recommended or anticipated layoutfor the particular surgical procedure. If there are any discontinuitiesbetween the layouts, the surgical hub 5104 can be configured to providean alert indicating that the current layout for the surgical proceduredeviates from the recommended layout.

As another example, a situationally aware surgical hub 5104 coulddetermine whether the surgeon (or other medical personnel) was making anerror or otherwise deviating from the expected course of action duringthe course of a surgical procedure. For example, the surgical hub 5104can be configured to determine the type of surgical procedure beingperformed, retrieve the corresponding list of steps or order ofequipment usage (e.g., from a memory), and then compare the steps beingperformed or the equipment being used during the course of the surgicalprocedure to the expected steps or equipment for the type of surgicalprocedure that the surgical hub 5104 determined is being performed. Inone exemplification, the surgical hub 5104 can be configured to providean alert indicating that an unexpected action is being performed or anunexpected device is being utilized at the particular step in thesurgical procedure.

Overall, the situational awareness system for the surgical hub 5104improves surgical procedure outcomes by adjusting the surgicalinstruments (and other modular devices 5102) for the particular contextof each surgical procedure (such as adjusting to different tissue types)and validating actions during a surgical procedure. The situationalawareness system also improves surgeons' efficiency in performingsurgical procedures by automatically suggesting next steps, providingdata, and adjusting displays and other modular devices 5102 in thesurgical theater according to the specific context of the procedure.

In one aspect, as described hereinbelow with reference to FIGS. 24-40,the modular device 5102 is implemented as one or more active devices oridle devices (see 200510), advanced energy devices, a powered endoscopegrasper, powered stapler, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see200520) or powered stapler, powered endoscopic grasper, advanced energydevice, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see 200530) as depicted inFIG. 16. Accordingly, the modular device 5102 implemented as one or moreactive devices or idle devices (see 200510), advanced energy devices, apowered endoscope grasper, powered stapler, or powered endoscopic clipapplier (see 200520) or powered stapler, powered endoscopic grasper,advanced energy device, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see 200530)as depicted in FIG. 16 may be configured to operate as a data source5126 and to interact with the database 5122 and patient monitoringdevices 5124. The modular device 5102 implemented as one or more activedevices or idle devices (see 200510), advanced energy devices, a poweredendoscope grasper, powered stapler, or powered endoscopic clip applier(see 200520) or powered stapler, powered endoscopic grasper, advancedenergy device, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see 200530) asdepicted in FIG. 16 may be further configured to interact with thesurgical hub 5104 to provide information (e.g., data and control) to thesurgical hub 5104 and receive information (e.g., data and control) fromthe surgical hub 5104.

Referring now to FIG. 15, a timeline 5200 depicting situationalawareness of a hub, such as the surgical hub 106 or 206 (FIGS. 1-11),for example, is depicted. The timeline 5200 is an illustrative surgicalprocedure and the contextual information that the surgical hub 106, 206can derive from the data received from the data sources at each step inthe surgical procedure. The timeline 5200 depicts the typical steps thatwould be taken by the nurses, surgeons, and other medical personnelduring the course of a lung segmentectomy procedure, beginning withsetting up the operating theater and ending with transferring thepatient to a post-operative recovery room.

The situationally aware surgical hub 106, 206 receives data from thedata sources throughout the course of the surgical procedure, includingdata generated each time medical personnel utilize a modular device thatis paired with the surgical hub 106, 206. The surgical hub 106, 206 canreceive this data from the paired modular devices and other data sourcesand continually derive inferences (i.e., contextual information) aboutthe ongoing procedure as new data is received, such as which step of theprocedure is being performed at any given time. The situationalawareness system of the surgical hub 106, 206 is able to, for example,record data pertaining to the procedure for generating reports, verifythe steps being taken by the medical personnel, provide data or prompts(e.g., via a display screen) that may be pertinent for the particularprocedural step, adjust modular devices based on the context (e.g.,activate monitors, adjust the field of view (FOV) of the medical imagingdevice, or change the energy level of an ultrasonic surgical instrumentor RF electrosurgical instrument), and take any other such actiondescribed above.

As the first step 5202 in this illustrative procedure, the hospitalstaff members retrieve the patient's EMR from the hospital's EMRdatabase. Based on select patient data in the EMR, the surgical hub 106,206 determines that the procedure to be performed is a thoracicprocedure.

Second step 5204, the staff members scan the incoming medical suppliesfor the procedure. The surgical hub 106, 206 cross-references thescanned supplies with a list of supplies that are utilized in varioustypes of procedures and confirms that the mix of supplies corresponds toa thoracic procedure. Further, the surgical hub 106, 206 is also able todetermine that the procedure is not a wedge procedure (because theincoming supplies either lack certain supplies that are necessary for athoracic wedge procedure or do not otherwise correspond to a thoracicwedge procedure).

Third step 5206, the medical personnel scan the patient band via ascanner that is communicably connected to the surgical hub 106, 206. Thesurgical hub 106, 206 can then confirm the patient's identity based onthe scanned data.

Fourth step 5208, the medical staff turns on the auxiliary equipment.The auxiliary equipment being utilized can vary according to the type ofsurgical procedure and the techniques to be used by the surgeon, but inthis illustrative case they include a smoke evacuator, insufflator, andmedical imaging device. When activated, the auxiliary equipment that aremodular devices can automatically pair with the surgical hub 106, 206that is located within a particular vicinity of the modular devices aspart of their initialization process. The surgical hub 106, 206 can thenderive contextual information about the surgical procedure by detectingthe types of modular devices that pair with it during this pre-operativeor initialization phase. In this particular example, the surgical hub106, 206 determines that the surgical procedure is a VATS procedurebased on this particular combination of paired modular devices. Based onthe combination of the data from the patient's EMR, the list of medicalsupplies to be used in the procedure, and the type of modular devicesthat connect to the hub, the surgical hub 106, 206 can generally inferthe specific procedure that the surgical team will be performing. Oncethe surgical hub 106, 206 knows what specific procedure is beingperformed, the surgical hub 106, 206 can then retrieve the steps of thatprocedure from a memory or from the cloud and then cross-reference thedata it subsequently receives from the connected data sources (e.g.,modular devices and patient monitoring devices) to infer what step ofthe surgical procedure the surgical team is performing.

Fifth step 5210, the staff members attach the EKG electrodes and otherpatient monitoring devices to the patient. The EKG electrodes and otherpatient monitoring devices are able to pair with the surgical hub 106,206. As the surgical hub 106, 206 begins receiving data from the patientmonitoring devices, the surgical hub 106, 206 thus confirms that thepatient is in the operating theater.

Sixth step 5212, the medical personnel induce anesthesia in the patient.The surgical hub 106, 206 can infer that the patient is under anesthesiabased on data from the modular devices and/or patient monitoringdevices, including EKG data, blood pressure data, ventilator data, orcombinations thereof, for example. Upon completion of the sixth step5212, the pre-operative portion of the lung segmentectomy procedure iscompleted and the operative portion begins.

Seventh step 5214, the patient's lung that is being operated on iscollapsed (while ventilation is switched to the contralateral lung). Thesurgical hub 106, 206 can infer from the ventilator data that thepatient's lung has been collapsed, for example. The surgical hub 106,206 can infer that the operative portion of the procedure has commencedas it can compare the detection of the patient's lung collapsing to theexpected steps of the procedure (which can be accessed or retrievedpreviously) and thereby determine that collapsing the lung is the firstoperative step in this particular procedure.

Eighth step 5216, the medical imaging device (e.g., a scope) is insertedand video from the medical imaging device is initiated. The surgical hub106, 206 receives the medical imaging device data (i.e., video or imagedata) through its connection to the medical imaging device. Upon receiptof the medical imaging device data, the surgical hub 106, 206 candetermine that the laparoscopic portion of the surgical procedure hascommenced. Further, the surgical hub 106, 206 can determine that theparticular procedure being performed is a segmentectomy, as opposed to alobectomy (note that a wedge procedure has already been discounted bythe surgical hub 106, 206 based on data received at the second step 5204of the procedure). The data from the medical imaging device 124 (FIG. 2)can be utilized to determine contextual information regarding the typeof procedure being performed in a number of different ways, including bydetermining the angle at which the medical imaging device is orientedwith respect to the visualization of the patient's anatomy, monitoringthe number or medical imaging devices being utilized (i.e., that areactivated and paired with the surgical hub 106, 206), and monitoring thetypes of visualization devices utilized. For example, one technique forperforming a VATS lobectomy places the camera in the lower anteriorcorner of the patient's chest cavity above the diaphragm, whereas onetechnique for performing a VATS segmentectomy places the camera in ananterior intercostal position relative to the segmental fissure. Usingpattern recognition or machine learning techniques, for example, thesituational awareness system can be trained to recognize the positioningof the medical imaging device according to the visualization of thepatient's anatomy. As another example, one technique for performing aVATS lobectomy utilizes a single medical imaging device, whereas anothertechnique for performing a VATS segmentectomy utilizes multiple cameras.As yet another example, one technique for performing a VATSsegmentectomy utilizes an infrared light source (which can becommunicably coupled to the surgical hub as part of the visualizationsystem) to visualize the segmental fissure, which is not utilized in aVATS lobectomy. By tracking any or all of this data from the medicalimaging device, the surgical hub 106, 206 can thereby determine thespecific type of surgical procedure being performed and/or the techniquebeing used for a particular type of surgical procedure.

Ninth step 5218, the surgical team begins the dissection step of theprocedure. The surgical hub 106, 206 can infer that the surgeon is inthe process of dissecting to mobilize the patient's lung because itreceives data from the RF or ultrasonic generator indicating that anenergy instrument is being fired. The surgical hub 106, 206 cancross-reference the received data with the retrieved steps of thesurgical procedure to determine that an energy instrument being fired atthis point in the process (i.e., after the completion of the previouslydiscussed steps of the procedure) corresponds to the dissection step. Incertain instances, the energy instrument can be an energy tool mountedto a robotic arm of a robotic surgical system.

Tenth step 5220, the surgical team proceeds to the ligation step of theprocedure. The surgical hub 106, 206 can infer that the surgeon isligating arteries and veins because it receives data from the surgicalstapling and cutting instrument indicating that the instrument is beingfired. Similarly to the prior step, the surgical hub 106, 206 can derivethis inference by cross-referencing the receipt of data from thesurgical stapling and cutting instrument with the retrieved steps in theprocess. In certain instances, the surgical instrument can be a surgicaltool mounted to a robotic arm of a robotic surgical system.

Eleventh step 5222, the segmentectomy portion of the procedure isperformed. The surgical hub 106, 206 can infer that the surgeon istransecting the parenchyma based on data from the surgical stapling andcutting instrument, including data from its cartridge. The cartridgedata can correspond to the size or type of staple being fired by theinstrument, for example. As different types of staples are utilized fordifferent types of tissues, the cartridge data can thus indicate thetype of tissue being stapled and/or transected. In this case, the typeof staple being fired is utilized for parenchyma (or other similartissue types), which allows the surgical hub 106, 206 to infer that thesegmentectomy portion of the procedure is being performed.

Twelfth step 5224, the node dissection step is then performed. Thesurgical hub 106, 206 can infer that the surgical team is dissecting thenode and performing a leak test based on data received from thegenerator indicating that an RF or ultrasonic instrument is being fired.For this particular procedure, an RF or ultrasonic instrument beingutilized after parenchyma was transected corresponds to the nodedissection step, which allows the surgical hub 106, 206 to make thisinference. It should be noted that surgeons regularly switch back andforth between surgical stapling/cutting instruments and surgical energy(i.e., RF or ultrasonic) instruments depending upon the particular stepin the procedure because different instruments are better adapted forparticular tasks. Therefore, the particular sequence in which thestapling/cutting instruments and surgical energy instruments are usedcan indicate what step of the procedure the surgeon is performing.Moreover, in certain instances, robotic tools can be utilized for one ormore steps in a surgical procedure and/or handheld surgical instrumentscan be utilized for one or more steps in the surgical procedure. Thesurgeon(s) can alternate between robotic tools and handheld surgicalinstruments and/or can use the devices concurrently, for example. Uponcompletion of the twelfth step 5224, the incisions are closed up and thepost-operative portion of the procedure begins.

Thirteenth step 5226, the patient's anesthesia is reversed. The surgicalhub 106, 206 can infer that the patient is emerging from the anesthesiabased on the ventilator data (i.e., the patient's breathing rate beginsincreasing), for example.

Lastly, the fourteenth step 5228 is that the medical personnel removethe various patient monitoring devices from the patient. The surgicalhub 106, 206 can thus infer that the patient is being transferred to arecovery room when the hub loses EKG, BP, and other data from thepatient monitoring devices. As can be seen from the description of thisillustrative procedure, the surgical hub 106, 206 can determine or inferwhen each step of a given surgical procedure is taking place accordingto data received from the various data sources that are communicablycoupled to the surgical hub 106, 206.

In various aspects, the one or more active devices or idle devices (see200510), advanced energy devices, a powered endoscope grasper, poweredstapler, or powered endoscopic clip applier (see 200520) or poweredstapler, powered endoscopic grasper, advanced energy device, or poweredendoscopic clip applier (see 200530) as depicted in FIG. 16 may beconfigured to operate in a situational awareness in a hub environment,such as the surgical hub 106 or 206 (FIGS. 1-11), for example, asdepicted by the timeline 5200. Situational awareness is furtherdescribed in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/659,900,titled METHOD OF HUB COMMUNICATION, filed Apr. 19, 2018, which is hereinincorporated by reference in its entirety. In certain instances,operation of a robotic surgical system, including the various roboticsurgical systems disclosed herein, for example, can be controlled by thehub 106, 206 based on its situational awareness and/or feedback from thecomponents thereof and/or based on information from the cloud 104.

Wireless Hub Interaction Prioritization of Routines, Systems, orCommunication

In various aspects, the hub can be configured to prioritizecommunication, interaction, or processing based on system or deviceneeds. In one aspect, the prioritization could be to reordercommunication packet transmission priority. In another aspect, theprioritization could be of the communications packets within acommunication traffic flow. The packet prioritization could be withoutside the hub network seeking required updated routines, processes, ordata to execute a critical procedural step. In another aspect, theprioritization could be to delay or interrupt in-network traffic toenable a critical piece of data to take priority to ensure the successof a critical device or hub process or operation. In another aspect, theinterruption could be a short term reordering of communication or alonger term adjustment to data collection or transmission rates. Theseadjustments could be acute or remain for the duration of the procedureor until directly adjusted later for a different reason.

In various aspects, control of hub-to-hub interactions and taskownership can be based on capabilities of the hub(s) and location of themodules within the hub's network. In one aspect, the capabilities couldinclude the individual hub capacity, hub type, type of data, interactionof the data needed to preform the indicated surgical job, or hub needs.In another aspect, capacity could include the available processing,storage, idleness, or unused communication bandwidth. In one aspect, thelocation of the modules most critical to current surgical task or thenext appropriate task could be used to determine which hub is in controlof the function.

Establishment and Alteration of Communication Priorities

Various techniques for establishing hub wireless communicationprioritization are described herein.

FIG. 16 depicts a chart 200500 indicating hub communication prioritiesaccording to procedure step, in accordance with at least one aspect ofthe present disclosure. In one aspect, the hub communication prioritiescan be based on situational awareness of the hub. The hub's situationalawareness can determine which step of the procedure is being performedand, accordingly, what the appropriate communication priorities are, asshown in FIG. 16. The communication priorities can be based on acritical failure of a specific step, process, or device operation, forexample. Further, the communication priorities can be based on theprocedure step and the device needs determined to be integral to thatstep, for example. Still further, the communication priorities can bebased on special requirements of a device given a certain configurationof the device, for example. For example, battery-powered RF devicesconfigured to operate in a high calculation-based mode for improvedperformance and can require that some supplemental processing beperformed by the hub. Still further, prioritization of communicationpriorities can vary based on the current step of the procedure, as shownin FIG. 16. For example, the priority of communication from a deviceactively being used for a critical procedure step can have a highercommunication priority in general when compared to a device that is on aback table waiting to be used. Still further, the communicationpriorities can be based on the importance of the connected device.

Still further, the communication priorities can be based on status ofthe hub itself. For example, if there is a failure of an internalprocess or program in the hub, there may be a need to verify theauthenticity or the integrity of the program before re-initializing it.As another example, a communication with an outside security fob orlicense server may be required to bring a program back online. In oneaspect, it may be required for a hub to communicate with some cloudservices in order to verify if any alterations or updates are requiredfor a hub-based program to operate after it has unexpectedly shut down.Such a cloud services communication, for example, may be required toreestablish a predefined link between the hub and any relay device orrange extension device used to regain links to attached/paired devices.In some aspects, the communication priorities can be based on the levelof importance of an issue being experienced by an attached device. Yetstill further, communication priorities can be based on the detection,by the hub, of a device that is capable of communicating with a hub andwhether there has been a lack of established identification from thatdevice.

Chart 200500 depicted in FIG. 16 illustrates some examples ofcommunication priorities that may be associated with a first hub andrelated to surgical procedures. Column 200510 depicts a default set ofcommunication priorities for a first hub associated with a firstoperating room (OR) in which a generic surgical procedure is active. Asdepicted in column 200510, the top priority (priority 1) may be given tothose functions associated with patient status monitoring (for example,anesthesia, blood pressure monitoring, pulse oximetry monitoring, andsimilar status indicators). The first hub communications with thegeneric smart surgical instruments within the first OR may have highcommunications priorities after patient monitoring. Communications witha second hub located in a second OR, and the instruments associated withthe second hub, may generally have lower communications priorities.Communication with devices and/or servers associated with ancillaryactivities (such as disposables inventory and billing services) may havestill lower communication priorities.

Column 200520 of chart 200500 depicts a set of communication prioritiesfor a first hub associated with a first operating room in which a vesseldissection procedure is occurring. As indicated in column 200520, thepatient monitoring functions again have the top level priority(priority 1) for the first hub communication. Thereafter, communicationswith dissection specific devices (such as an advanced energy device, anda powered endoscope grasper) have the next highest communicationpriorities. In some aspects, a second hub in a second OR may becommunicating with medical devices associated with a vessel transectionprocedure. The second hub, for example, may be communicating with othermedical devices such as a powered stapler and a powered endoscopic clipapplier. The second hub and its associated medical devices may have alower communication priority with respect to the first hub. Again, asindicated in column 200510, communications with ancillary services mayhave lower priorities.

Column 200530 of chart 200500 depicts a set of communication prioritiesfor a first hub associated with a first operating room in which a vesseltransection procedure is occurring. As indicated in column 200520, thepatient monitoring functions again have the top level priority(priority 1) for the first hub communication. Thereafter, communicationswith dissection specific devices (such as a powered stapler device, anda powered endoscope grasper) have the next highest communicationpriorities. In some aspects, a second hub in a second OR may becommunicating with medical devices associated with a vessel dissectionprocedure. The second hub, for example, may be communicating with othermedical devices such as an advanced energy device and a poweredendoscopic clip applier. The second hub and its associated medicaldevices may have a lower communication priority with respect to thefirst hub. Again, as indicated in column 200510, communications withancillary services may have lower priorities.

Detection of Necessary Interaction of Two Systems within the Network

In various aspects, the hub can be configured to reprioritize linkedprocesses or products to ensure that needed information has beentransmitted to and/or received from the devices.

In one aspect, if an in-use device that requires input from anassociated system, but has not been provided the required data,communication with the associated system can be prioritized. Forexample, if an intelligent advanced energy combo device is in-use, buthas not received any information from an advance visualization module ontissue type, thickness, or collagen level and the hub has identifiedthat both systems exist within the network, the hub could be configuredto then prioritize the image processing routines and provide theparameters needed by the energy device as the highest priority of bothprocess and communication through the system.

Hub-to-Hub Communication, Processing Control, and Interaction

Various techniques for non-interactive, interactive, and process-sharinghub-to-hub communication are described herein.

In one aspect of non-interactive communication, the hubs can beconfigured to perform inter-hub sharing of information including, forexample, location, geo-fences, and status. In this aspect, hubs can beconfigured to communicate with adjacent OR hubs and identify/locatedifferent systems. Communication of data, status, or other collectedinformation to the network of hubs can be selectively used by one ormore hubs.

In one aspect of interactive control communication, interaction betweenhubs to distribute data and processing can be effected with a network.Numerous hubs connected via a network can use distributed processing forprocessing/determining/calculating performance or usage parameters. Forexample, FIG. 17 is a diagram of a network of surgical hubs 200600executing a distributed processing system, in accordance with at leastone aspect of the present disclosure.

As depicted in FIG. 17, hubs 1, 2, 3, and 4 (200610, 200620, 200630, and200640, respectively) may be included in a network of surgical hubs200600. Each hub may be located within a separate operating room. Thus,hub 1 (200610) may be located within OR 1 (200612), hub 2 (200620) maybe located within OR 2 (200622), hub 3 (200630) may be located within OR3 (200632), and hub 4 (200610) may be located within OR 4 (200642).

The distributed processing system allows hubs within the system todistribute processing resources amongst themselves as needed. Forexample, if a hub within the network is reaching its processing or powercap such that it will need to begin budgeting processing power, andanother hub within the network is idle, the first hub could offloadhigh-processing needs to the idle hub, allowing the idle hub to sharemaximum processing capability and power needs. Examples of suchinter-hub communications are depicted in FIG. 17. Thus, hub 1 (200610)may form a communication link 200650 a with hub 2 (200620), acommunication link 200650 b with hub 3 (200630) or a communication link200650 c with hub 4 (200640). Hub 2 (200620) may form a communicationlink 200650 a with hub 1 (200610), or a communication link 200650 d withhub 3 (200630), or a communication link 200650 e with hub 4 (200640).Hub 3 (200630) may form a communication link 200650 b with hub 1(200610), or a communication link 200650 d with hub 2 (200620), or acommunication link 200650 f with hub 4 (200640). Similarly, hub 4(200640) may form a communication link 200650 c with hub 1 (200610), ora communication link 200650 e with hub 2 (200620), or a communicationlink 200650 f with hub 3 (200630). Although each hub in the network ofsurgical hubs 200600 may form a pair-wise communication connection withany other hub in the network of surgical hubs 200600, it may berecognized that process distribution among the hubs may include morethan two hubs in any connection. In one aspect, hubs in the sameOR/network may use different communication protocols than are used byhubs in different ORs/networks.

In one aspect of process-sharing between hubs based on the unusedcapacity of the interconnected systems, processing or communicationresources can be distributed or concentrated based on anticipated systemimpact. For example, the interconnected surgical devices/systems couldbe configured to compare which device has the module and systemsnecessary to accomplish a specified surgical task. If the task wereprocess- or communication-intensive, the system could either distributethe needed capacity between multiple devices or consolidate them to aspecific portion of the system in order to accomplish the task based onthe criticality of the task or its impact on the overall system (andthus its impact on other tasks being performed by the system).Prioritization for sharing can be determined by several factors, such ascapacity (i.e., how much is the system being taxed with its currentfunctions), activity level (e.g., hubs that are not in use because theOR is empty or being set up should get priority for sharing), modelnumber (e.g., models with increased capabilities may be more adept atsharing than older models), and so on.

EXAMPLES

Various aspects of the subject matter described herein are set out inthe following numbered examples:

Example 1. A surgical hub within a surgical hub network comprising:

a controller comprising a processor, wherein the controller isconfigured to determine a priority of a communication, an interaction,or a processing of information based on a requirement of a system or adevice in communication with the surgical hub.

Example 2. The surgical hub of Example 1, wherein the controller isconfigured to prioritize an order of transmission of one or morecommunication packets.

Example 3. The surgical hub of Example 2, wherein the one or morecommunication packets are directed to a device outside of the surgicalhub network.

Example 4. The surgical hub of Example 3, wherein the one or morecommunication packets comprise data to update routines, processes, ordata required to execute a critical procedural step executed by theprocessor.

Example 5. The surgical hub of any one or more of Examples 1 through 4,wherein the controller is configured to prioritize a communicationtraffic flow within the surgical hub network.

Example 6. The surgical hub of Example 5, wherein the controller isconfigured to adjust the communication traffic flow to enable a criticalpiece of data to take priority thereby insuring the success of acritical device or a hub process or a hub operation.

Example 7. The surgical hub of any one or more of Examples 5 through 6,wherein the controller is configured to delay or interrupt thecommunication traffic flow.

Example 8. The surgical hub of Example 7, wherein the controller isconfigured to interrupt the communication traffic flow and theinterruption of the communication traffic flow comprises a short termre-ordering of communication packets.

Example 9. The surgical hub of any one or more of Examples 7 through 8,wherein the controller is configured to delay the communication trafficflow and the delay of the communication traffic flow comprises a longterm adjustment to a data collection or to a transmission rate.

Example 10. The surgical hub of any one or more of Examples 6 through 9,wherein the adjustment continues for a short period of time.

Example 11. The surgical hub of any one or more of Examples 6 through10, wherein the adjustment continues for the duration of the procedure

Example 12. The surgical hub of any one or more of Examples 6 through11, wherein the adjustment continues until the prioritization of thecommunication traffic flow changes.

Example 13. A network of surgical hubs, comprising:

a first surgical hub having a first controller; and

a second surgical hub having a second controller,

wherein the first controller is configured to control one or moreinteractions between the first surgical hub and the second surgical hubbased on one or more capabilities of the first hub and a location of oneor more modules within the network of surgical hubs.

Example 14. The network of surgical hubs of claim Example 13, whereinthe control of the one or more interactions comprises a control of oneor more task ownerships.

Example 15. The network of surgical hubs of any one or more of Examples13 through 14, wherein the one or more capabilities of the first hubcomprise one or more of a computing capacity of the first hub, a type ofthe first hub, a type of data associated with the first hub, aninteraction of the data needed to perform a specified surgical procedureby the first hub, or a computing requirement of the first hub.

Example 16. The network of surgical hubs of Example 15, wherein acomputing capacity comprises one or more of an available processingpower, an available processor memory for data storage, an availableamount of idle processing cycles, and an available communicationbandwidth.

Example 17. The network of surgical hubs of any one or more of Examples15 through 16, wherein the location of the one or more modules comprisesa location of the one or more modules most critical to an ongoingsurgical procedure.

Example 18. The network of surgical hubs of any one or more of Examples15 through 17, wherein the first controller is further configured toallow the second controller to control the one or more interactionsbetween the first surgical hub and the second surgical hub based on ananticipated surgical task.

While several forms have been illustrated and described, it is not theintention of Applicant to restrict or limit the scope of the appendedclaims to such detail. Numerous modifications, variations, changes,substitutions, combinations, and equivalents to those forms may beimplemented and will occur to those skilled in the art without departingfrom the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, the structure ofeach element associated with the described forms can be alternativelydescribed as a means for providing the function performed by theelement. Also, where materials are disclosed for certain components,other materials may be used. It is therefore to be understood that theforegoing description and the appended claims are intended to cover allsuch modifications, combinations, and variations as falling within thescope of the disclosed forms. The appended claims are intended to coverall such modifications, variations, changes, substitutions,modifications, and equivalents.

The foregoing detailed description has set forth various forms of thedevices and/or processes via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts,and/or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/orexamples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will beunderstood by those within the art that each function and/or operationwithin such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples can beimplemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range ofhardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof.Those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the formsdisclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be equivalently implementedin integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on oneor more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or morecomputer systems), as one or more programs running on one or moreprocessors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or moremicroprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof,and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for thesoftware and or firmware would be well within the skill of one of skillin the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, those skilled inthe art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matterdescribed herein are capable of being distributed as one or more programproducts in a variety of forms, and that an illustrative form of thesubject matter described herein applies regardless of the particulartype of signal bearing medium used to actually carry out thedistribution.

Instructions used to program logic to perform various disclosed aspectscan be stored within a memory in the system, such as dynamic randomaccess memory (DRAM), cache, flash memory, or other storage.Furthermore, the instructions can be distributed via a network or by wayof other computer readable media. Thus a machine-readable medium mayinclude any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a formreadable by a machine (e.g., a computer), but is not limited to, floppydiskettes, optical disks, compact disc, read-only memory (CD-ROMs), andmagneto-optical disks, read-only memory (ROMs), random access memory(RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electricallyerasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic or opticalcards, flash memory, or a tangible, machine-readable storage used in thetransmission of information over the Internet via electrical, optical,acoustical or other forms of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves,infrared signals, digital signals, etc.). Accordingly, thenon-transitory computer-readable medium includes any type of tangiblemachine-readable medium suitable for storing or transmitting electronicinstructions or information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., acomputer).

As used in any aspect herein, the term “control circuit” may refer to,for example, hardwired circuitry, programmable circuitry (e.g., acomputer processor including one or more individual instructionprocessing cores, processing unit, processor, microcontroller,microcontroller unit, controller, digital signal processor (DSP),programmable logic device (PLD), programmable logic array (PLA), orfield programmable gate array (FPGA)), state machine circuitry, firmwarethat stores instructions executed by programmable circuitry, and anycombination thereof. The control circuit may, collectively orindividually, be embodied as circuitry that forms part of a largersystem, for example, an integrated circuit (IC), an application-specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a system on-chip (SoC), desktop computers,laptop computers, tablet computers, servers, smart phones, etc.Accordingly, as used herein “control circuit” includes, but is notlimited to, electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electricalcircuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated circuit,electrical circuitry having at least one application specific integratedcircuit, electrical circuitry forming a general purpose computing deviceconfigured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computerconfigured by a computer program which at least partially carries outprocesses and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessorconfigured by a computer program which at least partially carries outprocesses and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forminga memory device (e.g., forms of random access memory), and/or electricalcircuitry forming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communicationsswitch, or optical-electrical equipment). Those having skill in the artwill recognize that the subject matter described herein may beimplemented in an analog or digital fashion or some combination thereof.

As used in any aspect herein, the term “logic” may refer to an app,software, firmware and/or circuitry configured to perform any of theaforementioned operations. Software may be embodied as a softwarepackage, code, instructions, instruction sets and/or data recorded onnon-transitory computer readable storage medium. Firmware may beembodied as code, instructions or instruction sets and/or data that arehard-coded (e.g., nonvolatile) in memory devices.

As used in any aspect herein, the terms “component,” “system,” “module”and the like can refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, acombination of hardware and software, software, or software inexecution.

As used in any aspect herein, an “algorithm” refers to a self-consistentsequence of steps leading to a desired result, where a “step” refers toa manipulation of physical quantities and/or logic states which may,though need not necessarily, take the form of electrical or magneticsignals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, andotherwise manipulated. It is common usage to refer to these signals asbits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or thelike. These and similar terms may be associated with the appropriatephysical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to thesequantities and/or states.

A network may include a packet switched network. The communicationdevices may be capable of communicating with each other using a selectedpacket switched network communications protocol. One examplecommunications protocol may include an Ethernet communications protocolwhich may be capable permitting communication using a TransmissionControl Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The Ethernet protocol maycomply or be compatible with the Ethernet standard published by theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) titled “IEEE802.3 Standard”, published in December 2008 and/or later versions ofthis standard. Alternatively or additionally, the communication devicesmay be capable of communicating with each other using an X.25communications protocol. The X.25 communications protocol may comply orbe compatible with a standard promulgated by the InternationalTelecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector(ITU-T). Alternatively or additionally, the communication devices may becapable of communicating with each other using a frame relaycommunications protocol. The frame relay communications protocol maycomply or be compatible with a standard promulgated by ConsultativeCommittee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT) and/or theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI). Alternatively oradditionally, the transceivers may be capable of communicating with eachother using an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) communications protocol.The ATM communications protocol may comply or be compatible with an ATMstandard published by the ATM Forum titled “ATM-MPLS NetworkInterworking 2.0” published August 2001, and/or later versions of thisstandard. Of course, different and/or after-developedconnection-oriented network communication protocols are equallycontemplated herein.

Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the foregoingdisclosure, it is appreciated that, throughout the foregoing disclosure,discussions using terms such as “processing,” “computing,”“calculating,” “determining,” “displaying,” or the like, refer to theaction and processes of a computer system, or similar electroniccomputing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented asphysical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registersand memories into other data similarly represented as physicalquantities within the computer system memories or registers or othersuch information storage, transmission or display devices.

One or more components may be referred to herein as “configured to,”“configurable to,” “operable/operative to,” “adapted/adaptable,” “ableto,” “conformable/conformed to,” etc. Those skilled in the art willrecognize that “configured to” can generally encompass active-statecomponents and/or inactive-state components and/or standby-statecomponents, unless context requires otherwise.

The terms “proximal” and “distal” are used herein with reference to aclinician manipulating the handle portion of the surgical instrument.The term “proximal” refers to the portion closest to the clinician andthe term “distal” refers to the portion located away from the clinician.It will be further appreciated that, for convenience and clarity,spatial terms such as “vertical”, “horizontal”, “up”, and “down” may beused herein with respect to the drawings. However, surgical instrumentsare used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are notintended to be limiting and/or absolute.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in general, terms usedherein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of theappended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term“including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” theterm “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term“includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,”etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if aspecific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such anintent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence ofsuch recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid tounderstanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of theintroductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claimrecitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed toimply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinitearticles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing suchintroduced claim recitation to claims containing only one suchrecitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases“one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or“an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “atleast one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use ofdefinite articles used to introduce claim recitations.

In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitationis explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that suchrecitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recitednumber (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without othermodifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or morerecitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a conventionanalogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in generalsuch a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the artwould understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one ofA, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have Aalone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and Ctogether, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where aconvention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, ingeneral such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill inthe art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at leastone of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that haveA alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and Ctogether, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be furtherunderstood by those within the art that typically a disjunctive wordand/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in thedescription, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplatethe possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, orboth terms unless context dictates otherwise. For example, the phrase “Aor B” will be typically understood to include the possibilities of “A”or “B” or “A and B.”

With respect to the appended claims, those skilled in the art willappreciate that recited operations therein may generally be performed inany order. Also, although various operational flow diagrams arepresented in a sequence(s), it should be understood that the variousoperations may be performed in other orders than those which areillustrated, or may be performed concurrently. Examples of suchalternate orderings may include overlapping, interleaved, interrupted,reordered, incremental, preparatory, supplemental, simultaneous,reverse, or other variant orderings, unless context dictates otherwise.Furthermore, terms like “responsive to,” “related to,” or otherpast-tense adjectives are generally not intended to exclude suchvariants, unless context dictates otherwise.

It is worthy to note that any reference to “one aspect,” “an aspect,”“an exemplification,” “one exemplification,” and the like means that aparticular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connectionwith the aspect is included in at least one aspect. Thus, appearances ofthe phrases “in one aspect,” “in an aspect,” “in an exemplification,”and “in one exemplification” in various places throughout thespecification are not necessarily all referring to the same aspect.Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics maybe combined in any suitable manner in one or more aspects.

Any patent application, patent, non-patent publication, or otherdisclosure material referred to in this specification and/or listed inany Application Data Sheet is incorporated by reference herein, to theextent that the incorporated materials is not inconsistent herewith. Assuch, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure as explicitly setforth herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein byreference. Any material, or portion thereof, that is said to beincorporated by reference herein, but which conflicts with existingdefinitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth hereinwill only be incorporated to the extent that no conflict arises betweenthat incorporated material and the existing disclosure material.

In summary, numerous benefits have been described which result fromemploying the concepts described herein. The foregoing description ofthe one or more forms has been presented for purposes of illustrationand description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting to theprecise form disclosed. Modifications or variations are possible inlight of the above teachings. The one or more forms were chosen anddescribed in order to illustrate principles and practical application tothereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the variousforms and with various modifications as are suited to the particular usecontemplated. It is intended that the claims submitted herewith definethe overall scope.

1.-18. (canceled)
 19. A surgical hub within a surgical hub network,comprising: a control circuit comprising a processor, wherein thecontrol circuit is configured to determine a priority of informationcollected during a surgical procedure based on a requirement of asurgical device used during the surgical procedure in communication withthe surgical hub; wherein the surgical device comprises a smart surgicaldevice; wherein the requirement of the smart surgical device comprisesdata processed by a device component of an associated system; andwherein the controller is configured to increase a priority ofcommunication of the data processed by the device component between thedevice component of the associate system and the smart surgical devicefrom a low priority to a higher priority.
 20. The surgical hub of claim19, wherein the smart surgical device comprises an advanced energy combodevice.
 21. The surgical hub of claim 19, wherein the data processed bythe device component of the associated system comprises imaging datafrom an advance visualization module.
 22. The surgical hub of claim 21,wherein the imaging data comprise one or more of a tissue type, a tissuethickness, or a tissue collagen level.
 23. The surgical hub of claim 19,wherein the controller is further configured to determine that thesurgical device and the device component of the associated system existwithin the surgical hub network.
 24. The surgical hub of claim 23,wherein the controller is further configured to increase a priority ofone or more processes executed by the device component of the associatedsystem from an initial priority, thereby increasing a rate ofcommunication of the data from the device component to the surgicaldevice.
 25. A network of surgical hubs, comprising: a plurality ofsurgical hubs, each hub of the plurality of surgical hubs having one ofa plurality of controllers, wherein a first of the plurality ofcontrollers is configured to distribute an execution of a process anddata used by the process among at least a subset of the plurality ofsurgical hubs.
 26. The network of surgical hubs of claim 25, wherein theprocess comprises a hub localization process and the data compriselocations of each member of the subset of the plurality of surgicalhubs.
 27. The network of surgical hubs of claim 25, wherein the first ofthe plurality of controllers is configured to distribute the executionof the process and the data used by the process among the subset of theplurality of surgical hubs based on an amount of processing capacity ofeach member of the subset of the plurality of surgical hubs.
 28. Thenetwork of surgical hubs of claim 25, wherein a communication linkbetween the first of the plurality of controllers and at least onemember of the subset of the plurality of surgical hubs is by a firstcommunication protocol, and a communication link between a second of theplurality of controllers and at least one additional member of thesubset of the plurality of surgical hubs is by a second communicationprotocol.
 29. The network of surgical hubs of claim 28, wherein thefirst communication protocol and the second communication protocol aredifferent communication protocols.
 30. The network of surgical hubs ofclaim 25, wherein the first of the plurality of controllers isconfigured to distribute the execution of the process and data used bythe process among the first surgical hub and the second surgical hubbased on a specific surgical task.
 31. The network of surgical hubs ofclaim 25, wherein the first of the plurality of controllers isconfigured to distribute the execution of the process and data used bythe process among the subset of the plurality of surgical hubs based onan identification number of each member of the subset of the pluralityof surgical hubs.
 32. The network of surgical hubs of claim 25, whereinthe first controller is configured to distribute the execution of theprocess and data used by the process among subset of the plurality ofsurgical hubs based on a processing capacity of each member of thesubset of the plurality of surgical hubs.